F-35 Joint Strike Fighter News, Videos and pics Thread

strehl

Junior Member
Registered Member
Multiple articles like this one mention that getting into a dogfight at all is not recommended in the age of >50G dogfighting missiles with advanced focal plane tracking. It is also aerodynamically impossible for any aircraft to maintain high speed at high alpha (the entire plane is essentially a giant airbrake). I can’t imagine the strength required to keep an airframe intact while flying broadside to a transonic airstream. This article addressed a “what if” low probability event of an unavoidable visual range encounter.

Stealth optimized fighters are designed around long range (BVR) attack strategies. In the specific case of the F-35 and with experience gained from the F-22, it appears to me that the principal design evolution of the F-35 is to maximize the execution of the OODA loop through application of sensors, communications, and computer assisted decision making. If you master stealth, then the key to maximizing the impact of stealth (force multiplication) is to achieve omniscience. Networked sensor fusion is the first O (observe), stealth enables the second O (orient), highly integrated near AI level software accelerates the D (decide), and automated data exchange to coordinate attacks optimizes the A (act). Programmatically, software has been the most conspicuous element in the development of the F-35. This is my guess as to why.
 

Air Force Brat

Brigadier
Super Moderator
Not sure if this has been posted before, as I don't follow this thread very much, but here is an interesting piece I stumbled upon that should delight some and annoy others, depending on your stance on the F35. ;)

Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!

(you need to scroll down some way to get to the English parts)

I won't quote the whole thing, but it is well worth the read, I will, however focus on a segment that I find most interesting.



Now, I know there is the whole energy vs nose pointing philosophical split between the fighter pilot and designer community.

And I fully understand and agree with the points the pilot made about the benefits of being able to brake rapidly, in both offensive and defensive scenarios. And as the pilot noted the F35 has impressive acceleration, which should help to offset the negatives of loosing energy so fast.

But at the same time, I am more than a little alarmed by this heavy emphasis on how "well" the F35 can loose airspeed (and energy).

Maybe it's just my philosophical preference speaking, but I thought nose pointing at the expense of energy (or vice versa) was a distinctly 3rd gen approach to fighter design, with 4th gen fighters (Eurocanards, J10) stressing transonic agility, where a fighter can turn quickly at speed and not loose too much of it's speed doing so.

A tradition which was continued and improved upon by the F22, and almost certainly the J20 (not sure where the PAKFA stand in this regard).

Thus, while the F35's superior nose pointing ability to the F16 is a positive, the fact that it comes at the expense of such serve energy loss does not seem like as clearly a great thing as the pilot in that blog is making it out to be.

In a 1 v 1, loosing all airspeed in order to achieve the kill is no biggy, but in a massed fur ball, are you not just setting yourself up as a sitting duck for someone else if you do that?

Given the trend of ever more agile and higher off-broadside capable WVRAAMs, is it really necessary to point your nose that much in WVR when you can just point your head?

Ok kids, those who have staked out their "expertise" by beating on the F-35???

Numero UNO!! READ the WHOLE article, really please for once just take this scenario as it is VERY CLEARLY defined, very clearly. The ROE is very, very, well defined, each pilot brings his bird up to HIS max G for the day, by entering a right and a left full on 360, where you roll your aircraft and proceed to PUUUULLLLL! until you are at "YOUR" max G. In both directions, if YOU are having an off day, you inform the other fellow and the scenario is then adjusted.

ONE is Defensive! One is Offensive! everybody with me so far??? Ok Good.

Jeff Head and I have continuously hammered the HIGH AOA capability of the F-35, here you have a REAL F-35 pilot, transitioning OUT of the F-16, (which will enjoy eating your lunch, and spitting out what is left), no sweet sentimentality about the F-16, she is a real BEAR??? lots of dearly departed will testify to that---I thought you loved me? she DON'T, and don't expect her to hold your hand and give you a hint?? she WON'T.

Now you jump into the F-35, you're on the offensive, as the F-16 begins to turn or do rolling scissors or whatever, he reaches his limit, his bird is at her MAX and getting ready to "UNLOAD" on him, and you come in charging like a Cape Buffalo and begin to pull, as you pull, you LOAD your bird, and you PULL some more, and LOAD it some more??? and he's thinking this airplane shouldn't be doing this, but you pull some MORE! You are continuing to pull down on him, and he can't do a thing about it. The F-35 loves this, and as you bring her around to "HEEL", shes all about doing exactly what "YOU" want, and that's to turn inside that F-16!

That my friend is "LIFT", and it creates "DRAG", He also notes, that as SOON as YOU pop the stick forward and unload the aircraft, that BIG honking engine accelerates you rapidly on to the next engagement, if you have some altitude, you nudge the stick forward slightly, (for you car guys), kinda like hitting the NOS button. You know where the next threat is, that HMS is showing you were "everybody" is good guys, and bad guys.

Remember, this is Raptor - 2 light, she is as sweet as a pussy-cat, she's NOT gonna bite you, and you can fight up to YOUR limits, and the other guy is gonna wonder what the heck just happened? as he hopefully floats silently back to earth? You are GONE! and you just won another one for God and country, yep, that's who the F-35 is?
 

plawolf

Lieutenant General
Multiple articles like this one mention that getting into a dogfight at all is not recommended in the age of >50G dogfighting missiles with advanced focal plane tracking. It is also aerodynamically impossible for any aircraft to maintain high speed at high alpha (the entire plane is essentially a giant airbrake). I can’t imagine the strength required to keep an airframe intact while flying broadside to a transonic airstream. This article addressed a “what if” low probability event of an unavoidable visual range encounter.

Stealth optimized fighters are designed around long range (BVR) attack strategies. In the specific case of the F-35 and with experience gained from the F-22, it appears to me that the principal design evolution of the F-35 is to maximize the execution of the OODA loop through application of sensors, communications, and computer assisted decision making. If you master stealth, then the key to maximizing the impact of stealth (force multiplication) is to achieve omniscience. Networked sensor fusion is the first O (observe), stealth enables the second O (orient), highly integrated near AI level software accelerates the D (decide), and automated data exchange to coordinate attacks optimizes the A (act). Programmatically, software has been the most conspicuous element in the development of the F-35. This is my guess as to why.

Well, I have significant philosophical reservations about the future of air combating being more BVR focused, given the proliferation of 5th gen fighters.

5th gen fighters facing off against each other both reduces the practical detection range (and opportunity/time to engage in BVR), as well as the effectiveness of any BVRAAMs launched (since they are all supposed to be optimised against X band radar, which BVRAAMs typically use).

That makes it more likely, not less, that in future air combat, pilots find themselves in WVR, whether they want to or not.

As for maintaining high speed at high alpha, well, that very much depends on the alpha and airspeeds involved. And I am very much limiting my interest to combat relevant speeds and scenarios, so no airshow stunts interest me (so no cobras or other silly extreme AOA manoeuvres).

Also, I think there are generally a great deal of misconceptions as to what energy vs turning combat philosophies mean.

Just because you favour energy doesn't mean you are always zooming about at max supersonic speed.

Energy fighters value retaining energy and airspeed most, so they prefer to stick to max sustained turn rates, compared to nose pointing fighters, who would happily trade energy for some extra nose pointing ability.

As a simplistic illustration of my earlier point about 4th and 5th gens moving beyond that kind of choice, the F16 is FBW limited to 25 degrees, F15 is rumoured to have 28 degree max instantaneous turn rate

The F22 was quoted as being able to make 28 degrees sustained turns at 20k ft (no mention of what airspeed it was at, but can't be all that quick to keep within human G limits), with the Typhoon widely acceptable to be very closely matched to the Raptor in that regards.

That means that a Typhoon or Raptor can turn faster (or just as fast with the Eagle), without loosing airspeed, compared to an F16 or F15 that is trading airspeed for more nose pointing ability.

The F18, which is famed for its nose pointing ability only has a max sustained turn rate of 19 degrees (curiously I cannot recall ever seeing max instantaneous rates figures for the F18, and a quick search turned up nothing, so would be keen to know what it can do in that regards if anyone has any reliable figures).

The whole idea behind nose pointing is to get a telling advantage so you can end the engagement quickly. That way you don't loose too much energy and airspeed as to make yourself a sitting duck.

Obviously you are in real trouble as a nose pointer if your opponent can match your instantaneous rate with his sustained.

That means you cannot generate a big enough advantage to get a quick shot off, so the longer the engagement, the more the advantage goes to your opponent.
 
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plawolf

Lieutenant General
Ok kids, those who have staked out their "expertise" by beating on the F-35???

Numero UNO!! READ the WHOLE article, really please for once just take this scenario as it is VERY CLEARLY defined, very clearly. The ROE is very, very, well defined, each pilot brings his bird up to HIS max G for the day, by entering a right and a left full on 360, where you roll your aircraft and proceed to PUUUULLLLL! until you are at "YOUR" max G. In both directions, if YOU are having an off day, you inform the other fellow and the scenario is then adjusted.

ONE is Defensive! One is Offensive! everybody with me so far??? Ok Good.

Jeff Head and I have continuously hammered the HIGH AOA capability of the F-35, here you have a REAL F-35 pilot, transitioning OUT of the F-16, (which will enjoy eating your lunch, and spitting out what is left), no sweet sentimentality about the F-16, she is a real BEAR??? lots of dearly departed will testify to that---I thought you loved me? she DON'T, and don't expect her to hold your hand and give you a hint?? she WON'T.

Now you jump into the F-35, you're on the offensive, as the F-16 begins to turn or do rolling scissors or whatever, he reaches his limit, his bird is at her MAX and getting ready to "UNLOAD" on him, and you come in charging like a Cape Buffalo and begin to pull, as you pull, you LOAD your bird, and you PULL some more, and LOAD it some more??? and he's thinking this airplane shouldn't be doing this, but you pull some MORE! You are continuing to pull down on him, and he can't do a thing about it. The F-35 loves this, and as you bring her around to "HEEL", shes all about doing exactly what "YOU" want, and that's to turn inside that F-16!

That my friend is "LIFT", and it creates "DRAG", He also notes, that as SOON as YOU pop the stick forward and unload the aircraft, that BIG honking engine accelerates you rapidly on to the next engagement, if you have some altitude, you nudge the stick forward slightly, (for you car guys), kinda like hitting the NOS button. You know where the next threat is, that HMS is showing you were "everybody" is good guys, and bad guys.

Remember, this is Raptor - 2 light, she is as sweet as a pussy-cat, she's NOT gonna bite you, and you can fight up to YOUR limits, and the other guy is gonna wonder what the heck just happened? as he hopefully floats silently back to earth? You are GONE! and you just won another one for God and country, yep, that's who the F-35 is?

From the description, the F35 was fighting purely in the nose pointing school. Nothing wrong with that approach, even if it does feel like a step backwards from what the likes of the Typhoon and Raptor could do.

But what really set the alarm bells ringing for me is just how fast he describes the F35 loosing airspeed during turns.

He tries to paint that as a good thing, but I really don't think it is! Because that doesn't imply massive lift, but rather drag (its loosing airspeed faster than a car can emergency break, even with lift and that beefy engine pushing as hard as it can to fight that drag!).

Think about it, if you are trading one thing (airspeed/energy) for another (turn rate), naturally you want to give as little of what you are giving up (airspeed/energy) as possible, for as much of what you are getting (turn rate) in return.

As such, the massive loss of airspeed seems like a sub-optimal trade!

I am truly curious what USN ex-F18 pilots make of the F35, since the F18 is also a turning bird, so I think they will have the best appreciation of how well the F35 plays that game, compared to an F16 pilot, who would have been a natural energy fighter, and so might be comparing apples (nose pointing) to oranges (energy flying) a little.

In a way, I think that could help to explain a lot of the inconsistencies and apparent mutual contradictory reviews from real combat pilots about the F35 - traditional energy fighter pilots trying to fly the F35 like an energy fighter might find its performance less impressive, while traditional energy fighter pilots who converted to the nose pointing school, and thus were able to use the F35 in ways that maximised its advantage, like our Norwegian friend, are much more pleased with the performance.
 

Air Force Brat

Brigadier
Super Moderator
From the description, the F35 was fighting purely in the nose pointing school. Nothing wrong with that approach, even if it does feel like a step backwards from what the likes of the Typhoon and Raptor could do.

But what really set the alarm bells ringing for me is just how fast he describes the F35 loosing airspeed during turns.

He tries to paint that as a good thing, but I really don't think it is! Because that doesn't imply massive lift, but rather drag (its loosing airspeed faster than a car can emergency break, even with lift and that beefy engine pushing as hard as it can to fight that drag!).

Think about it, if you are trading one thing (airspeed/energy) for another (turn rate), naturally you want to give as little of what you are giving up (airspeed/energy) as possible, for as much of what you are getting (turn rate) in return.

As such, the massive loss of airspeed seems like a sub-optimal trade!

I am truly curious what USN ex-F18 pilots make of the F35, since the F18 is also a turning bird, so I think they will have the best appreciation of how well the F35 plays that game, compared to an F16 pilot, who would have been a natural energy fighter, and so might be comparing apples (nose pointing) to oranges (energy flying) a little.

In a way, I think that could help to explain a lot of the inconsistencies and apparent mutual contradictory reviews from real combat pilots about the F35 - traditional energy fighter pilots trying to fly the F35 like an energy fighter might find its performance less impressive, while traditional energy fighter pilots who converted to the nose pointing school, and thus were able to use the F35 in ways that maximised its advantage, like our Norwegian friend, are much more pleased with the performance.

Those transitioning out of the F-18 and into the F-35 are equally as excited about the F-35 and her awesome flying manners? just a much safer aircraft to operate off the boat, the benign flying manners coupled with the auto-pilot assisted approaches and traps will be a game changer. The F-35 B and F-35 C will have very similar Max AOA numbers, but they will be different, and I for one have not seen those published?

The F-18 is the one fourth gen that is capable of some very impressive for the time AOA numbers, just a very nice airplane, and relatively safe as compared to the F-16 in my opinion?

Now to your concerns about bleeding airspeed at high alpha, you don't have to pull that hard, but if you do, that lift generation will translate into bleeding energy and braking, a very good thing, as it prevents you from "overshooting your target". It is all very manageable, and the additional flexibility gives you at least a 50% greater capability as far as increasing your ability to achieve a targeting solution, as you can force the airplane into a firing solution, where the 4th gen would depart, and likely give you a butt kicking? LOL
 

plawolf

Lieutenant General
Those transitioning out of the F-18 and into the F-35 are equally as excited about the F-35 and her awesome flying manners?

Any articles or quotes you can share?

Now to your concerns about bleeding airspeed at high alpha, you don't have to pull that hard, but if you do, that lift generation will translate into bleeding energy and braking, a very good thing, as it prevents you from "overshooting your target". It is all very manageable, and the additional flexibility gives you at least a 50% greater capability as far as increasing your ability to achieve a targeting solution, as you can force the airplane into a firing solution, where the 4th gen would depart, and likely give you a butt kicking? LOL

I have never ever heard where it has been suggested drag is actively designed into the flight envelope of any fighter aircraft or that its a desirable attribute designers actively try to include in their designs.

Everything I have ever heard about aerodynamics is the exact opposite, where designers do all they can to maximise lift and minimise drag throughout as much of the flight envelope as they can manage.

In a turn, lift and thrust works together to counteract drag. The higher the combination of lift+drag is to drag, the faster your sustained turn rate, and the less energy you loose during turns.

If you want to slow down in a hurry, you use the airbrake, which you can control and time to maximum effect. But very rarely is it a great idea for the plane to do that automatically once it reaches a certain AoA.

Had the pilot said the F35 brakes really well, I would have absolutely no problem with that. What alarms me is that what he said suggests to me that at higher AoAs, the F35 generates a boatload of drag (irrespective of whether the pilot actually wants to slow down doing so) that eats up airspeed and energy extremely rapidly whether the pilot wants it to do that or not.

The "make him shoot past me" example is really a very selective one, and even with that it would work a hell of a lot better if you, the pilot, can control the precise moment you loose airspeed, as opposed to your airplane doing it all by itself as soon as you hit a certain AoA.

But for every example one could list where having the fighter automatically slow down would be beneficial, I am sure others can come up with many more where that would be a distinct disadvantage.

The whole reason designers are obsessed about "expanding" the flight envelope of fighters is to give pilots more control, so the plane does what they want it to do for longer before surrendering to the limitations of aerodynamics and gravity.

In the positive example the pilot used where he was able to close the distance to his target in the F35 in the offensive role 'thanks to its braking ability', it was actually a misconception (deliberate or intentional only the pilot can say). He wasn't able to close the distance in the offensive position because the F35 slowed down faster all by itself. He was able to close the distance because he was able to turn inside his opponent. Thus he was flying a much smaller circle to close the relative distance.

That would not have been possible had his opponent been able to turn just as quickly. In that case, whether he gained or lost distance to his target would depend entirely on how quickly he lost energy and airspeed in relation to his target.

Now, given the G limit of pilots, often pilots have to slow their planes down to achieve a certain turn rate to avoid G-lock, but that is a decision best left to the pilot to decide when and how fast he want's his plane to slow down.

Give aerodynamic realities, with a fixed geometric shape, there is only so fast you can turn before drag skyrockets, but a good fighter design should maximise the range the plane can turn before that starts to happen, and then limit the severity of drag increase for as long as possible. That's why sustained turn rates are so highly regard in terms of determining how good a fighter design is.

In the age of TVC and modern FBW, some truly jaw dropping instantaneous turn rates and AoAs are achievable at incredibly slow speeds. But the thing is, no serious combat pilot would ever want to be flying anything like that slow in a combat scenario (Which is why I stressed I don't really care about airshow tricks), which is why sales brochure instantaneous turn rates are a little less reliable these days.

My concern is that the F35 might be able to beat the F16, a 3rd gen airframe fighter, because it could turn better. However, against 4th or other 5th gen designs, that can turn just as well as the F35, if not better, yet not suffer the same degree of drag induced energy loss, the F35 will find its options much more restricted.

I would also love more details on the ROE from those engagements mentioned TBH, since it seems a little strange to be the focus so much on turning.

I would have expected the F16s to try and play the energy game more when faced with the F35 since the F35 could obvious turn much better, so it would be very interest to see how the F35 fared if the F16 pulled some classic energy fighter moves, like going vertical during a turn to turn the 'braking advantage' of the F35 on its head into a disadvantage.
 

Air Force Brat

Brigadier
Super Moderator
Any articles or quotes you can share?



I have never ever heard where it has been suggested drag is actively designed into the flight envelope of any fighter aircraft or that its a desirable attribute designers actively try to include in their designs.

Everything I have ever heard about aerodynamics is the exact opposite, where designers do all they can to maximise lift and minimise drag throughout as much of the flight envelope as they can manage.

In a turn, lift and thrust works together to counteract drag. The higher the combination of lift+drag is to drag, the faster your sustained turn rate, and the less energy you loose during turns.

If you want to slow down in a hurry, you use the airbrake, which you can control and time to maximum effect. But very rarely is it a great idea for the plane to do that automatically once it reaches a certain AoA.

Had the pilot said the F35 brakes really well, I would have absolutely no problem with that. What alarms me is that what he said suggests to me that at higher AoAs, the F35 generates a boatload of drag (irrespective of whether the pilot actually wants to slow down doing so) that eats up airspeed and energy extremely rapidly whether the pilot wants it to do that or not.

The "make him shoot past me" example is really a very selective one, and even with that it would work a hell of a lot better if you, the pilot, can control the precise moment you loose airspeed, as opposed to your airplane doing it all by itself as soon as you hit a certain AoA.

But for every example one could list where having the fighter automatically slow down would be beneficial, I am sure others can come up with many more where that would be a distinct disadvantage.

The whole reason designers are obsessed about "expanding" the flight envelope of fighters is to give pilots more control, so the plane does what they want it to do for longer before surrendering to the limitations of aerodynamics and gravity.

In the positive example the pilot used where he was able to close the distance to his target in the F35 in the offensive role 'thanks to its braking ability', it was actually a misconception (deliberate or intentional only the pilot can say). He wasn't able to close the distance in the offensive position because the F35 slowed down faster all by itself. He was able to close the distance because he was able to turn inside his opponent. Thus he was flying a much smaller circle to close the relative distance.

That would not have been possible had his opponent been able to turn just as quickly. In that case, whether he gained or lost distance to his target would depend entirely on how quickly he lost energy and airspeed in relation to his target.

Now, given the G limit of pilots, often pilots have to slow their planes down to achieve a certain turn rate to avoid G-lock, but that is a decision best left to the pilot to decide when and how fast he want's his plane to slow down.

Give aerodynamic realities, with a fixed geometric shape, there is only so fast you can turn before drag skyrockets, but a good fighter design should maximise the range the plane can turn before that starts to happen, and then limit the severity of drag increase for as long as possible. That's why sustained turn rates are so highly regard in terms of determining how good a fighter design is.

In the age of TVC and modern FBW, some truly jaw dropping instantaneous turn rates and AoAs are achievable at incredibly slow speeds. But the thing is, no serious combat pilot would ever want to be flying anything like that slow in a combat scenario (Which is why I stressed I don't really care about airshow tricks), which is why sales brochure instantaneous turn rates are a little less reliable these days.

My concern is that the F35 might be able to beat the F16, a 3rd gen airframe fighter, because it could turn better. However, against 4th or other 5th gen designs, that can turn just as well as the F35, if not better, yet not suffer the same degree of drag induced energy loss, the F35 will find its options much more restricted.

I would also love more details on the ROE from those engagements mentioned TBH, since it seems a little strange to be the focus so much on turning.

I would have expected the F16s to try and play the energy game more when faced with the F35 since the F35 could obvious turn much better, so it would be very interest to see how the F35 fared if the F16 pulled some classic energy fighter moves, like going vertical during a turn to turn the 'braking advantage' of the F35 on its head into a disadvantage.


You have several basic areas of misunderstanding, but have made a valiant effort to wrap your mind around the aerodynamics, which are not as simple as they might appear, each action, has an equal and opposite reaction.

1. When you increase angle of attack, you initially produce more lift than drag, although any time your increase lift, you will increase drag.

2. As you continue to increase angle of attack, drag will rise more quickly than lift, unless you increase thrust to overcome drag.

3. As you decrease airspeed, drag decreases until you have to increase the Angle of Attack to increase lift as you attempt to maintain altitude.

4. You have assumed that you understand more than the Norwegian Pilot- (your biggest mistake)

5. You have assumed some things about the F-35 and the F-16 that are incorrect.
 

Brumby

Major
You have several basic areas of misunderstanding, but have made a valiant effort to wrap your mind around the aerodynamics, which are not as simple as they might appear, each action, has an equal and opposite reaction.

1. When you increase angle of attack, you initially produce more lift than drag, although any time your increase lift, you will increase drag.

2. As you continue to increase angle of attack, drag will rise more quickly than lift, unless you increase thrust to overcome drag.

3. As you decrease airspeed, drag decreases until you have to increase the Angle of Attack to increase lift as you attempt to maintain altitude.

4. You have assumed that you understand more than the Norwegian Pilot- (your biggest mistake)

5. You have assumed some things about the F-35 and the F-16 that are incorrect.

I am not a fan of aerodynamics and so my understanding of it is nil but basic logic tells me your points 1 to 3 are knowledge that can be acquired by simply reading up on the subject. However your points 4 to 5 are spot on as is really the heart of the subject and very often we think we are smarter or knows more of the subject than the people directly involved in it on a day to day basis. I think it is assumed arrogance because with the F-35, there are many things we do not know what we do not know. In other words it is total ignorance. Frankly I like to read up on actual experience of F-35 pilots because it opens up my world of ignorance.
 

Jeff Head

General
Registered Member
He tries to paint that as a good thing, but I really don't think it is! Because that doesn't imply massive lift, but rather drag (its loosing airspeed faster than a car can emergency break, even with lift and that beefy engine pushing as hard as it can to fight that drag!)..
It is a good thing in the very specific ROE they were faced with.

In such exercises...you can't just do whatever you want.

They are going through numerous scenarios to test and train pilots in what the F-35 can do in those ROEs. They are not doing so to try and just test the F-35 in conditions that make it look good.

They are going through exercises that are looking at all aspects of these things. This is not a guy talking about manufacturer's advertisement. These are very experienced pilots being introduced to the F-35 and transitioning from other aircraft in positions where they have learned to operate those other aircraft to their advantage and they are finding that there is even more advantage in these exercises with the F-35.

In these circumstances (and it will be more and more the case) you are finding these very experienced pilots coming away very excited about what they are learning about the F-35 in each exercise.

Simply because they do not depart from the ROE in order to do other things does not mean at all that they cannot.

It simply means that in this scenario, they did what they were constrained to do and found the F-35 a very willing ride.
 
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