Would reducing more of the island have meant other extensive changes to re-stabilise the design, like the ballast tanks? Perhaps it wasn't worth to tinker too much. It was either take the existing kuz or a cleansheet design, for a one-off stobar cv.
In normal operation a carrier the size of the Chinese ship probably carries over >10,000 tons of liquid cargo in tanks in her bottom and in bunkers on either side of her hull. These includes boiler feed water, oil fuel for the ship's engine, jet fuel for the air group, to say nothing of potable water for the crew. What is more there is almost certainly many more plumbed compartments in her bottom and side than is required to hold her design complement of liquid cargo. The reason is depending on the load out and weight balance, these big ships are designed to allow their liquid cargos to be stowed in different parts of the ship in order to maintain proper trim.
In war time, these extra water tight and plumbed spaces in the ship's bottom and sides also serve as spaces for counter flooding, to allow the ship to maintain even keel and proper trim in case the ship suffers moderate flooding from battle damage.
The island on CV-17 and CV-18 may look big and impressive, but they are light structure, and I would be surprised if either weighed more than 1000 tons.
For a ship which likely weigh over 65000 tons when properly,loaded me trimmed for sea, and have upwards of 10,000 tons of liquid cargo which can be shifted around in the ship's bottom and sides, I don't think balancing a difference in weight of a few hundred tons from changes to the bridge design would be any problem at all.
Think of it this way. If she parks 12 of her j-15s on one side, that represent a shift of 300 tons from somewhere else on the ship.