Chinese infrastructure actually generates soft power in countries passively over time. A commuter of the Indonesia HSR will make positively association with China multiple times a day. China does not spend anything to achieve this.
In contrast, the West relies on continuous heavy investment into its media to shape short term public sentiment. Media barrage is all outrage, sound bites and viral headlines that gets forgotten the next news cycle. 30 years after the US-Japan trade war, nobody remembers the public panic and outspoken racism then, but everybody knows the brands Honda and Toyota.