They primarily polled Western companies so the survey will obviously be biased but most mainland companies polled weren’t very optimistic either. I think this survey reinforces that China needs to not only focus on domestic substitution but chip exports to make sure the sector can become globally competitive.
Exports are the least of China's worries when it needs to import $350B worth of chips.
After you locally substitute for the majority of steaming pile of vulnerability do you worry about exports.
And you know what? Chinese chips exports are already happening and growing very fast. China's chips exports were up 30% in 2023. But to be honest, those exports mean shit when you have to import $350B.
Number 1 priority bar none is domestic substitution. You can work on "competitiveness" later when you lock up the local Chinese market. Export will come naturally as you localize and expand capacity as is already happening now.