SMIC's 14nm capacity currently is underutilized, in contrast to its above 28nm capacity utilization (in the high 90's). The truth is that the vast majority of the chip demands in China are for 28nm and above. Huawei is probably the only Chinese company that has large volume needs for advanced nodes chips (=<7nm). Outside Huawei, other Chinese chip design companies have access to fabs for advanced nodes needs.
So the US sanctions are primarily felt by Huawei, and mainly for its smartphone division. The largest growing demands for chips in China in next five years are in cloud computing, data centers, EV, IoT, etc. All these don't need 7/5/3nm in the foreseeable future.
For the Chinese semiconductor industry, again, it's much more important to have a self-reliant supply chain in semiconductor manufacturing than claiming some latest and greatest advances in the cutting edge of chip manufacturing. That'll come when China has largely caught up and built indigenous capabilities in critical areas of the supply chain--right now the gaps are pretty large. It doesn't even have to be 100% complete or self-sufficient, because by then, the US will realize how self-defeating its sanction policies are and it would not want to miss the market opportunities in China any longer.