So-called "soft" tech firms shouldn't be underestimated, since they often command consumer loyalty, and the loyalty of the global communities of developers that create the content that makes hard tech useful. For instance, when Huawei was cut off from Google services, many people refused to buy Huawei phones even though they still had the best hardware, because of lack of Gmail and Google Maps. People would rather have the favorite apps on a slightly inferior phone than have better hardware but no apps. The hardware can be easily replaced, but the apps cannot. As another example, the demise of Japan's semiconductor industry owed a great deal to the country's lack of software, as it was unable to compete with the "Wintel" alliance. A third example is Apple - even though it only sells fewer phones than Samsung or Huawei (at its height), it has far higher profits due to its App Store. Even products you would think are all hardware, such as ASML's lithography machines, are based on millions of lines of code, that have grown exponentially. Look no further to the success of companies like Google, Facebook, and Amazon to see the value of software. The kind of money these companies bring in can power entire industries and strengthen the finances and economies of the countries they are based in. In my view, China should support its software industry and especially encourage overseas expansion and collaboration between Chinese and overseas software developers on ecosystems controlled by China, or at the very least open source ecosystems that cannot be taken away from China.