Chinese Radar Developments - KLJ series and others

by78 said:

The cabbage-ization of AESA radars continues. For one million yuan ($138,000 USD), you too can purchase your own "military grade" AESA multi-functional surveillance radar.

The unit weighs only 27kg and can therefore be easily transported by civilian vehicles. Detection range is around 2km for aerial targets with an RCS of 0.01m2. For ground targets (when mounted at an elevation of 15m), detection range is ≥6km for human sized targets and 15km for vehicles. For sea targets, range is ≥9km for small boats.

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上半年公司实现营业收入19.2亿元，同比增长11%，归母净利润3.09亿元，同比增长18%，其中Q2单季实现营业收入12.2亿元，同比增长8%，归母净利润1.93亿元亿元，同比增长19%。
分业务看：
1）T/R组件领域，国博电子作为国防重点工程的重要配套单位，持续为陆、海、空、天等各型装备配套大量关键产品，收入实现较快增长。积极开展系列化功率放大器、低噪声放大器、多功能芯片等有源芯片与IPD无源集成芯片的自主研制工作，研制的GaN射频芯片已在T/R组件中得到广泛的工程应用

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国博电子研制了数百款有源相控阵T/R组件，其中定型或技术水平达到固定状态产品数十项，产品广泛应用于弹载、机载等领域， 产品市场占有率保持国内领先地位，是国内面向各军工集团销量最大的有源相控阵 T/R 组件研发生产平台。民用领域，基站射频集成电路技术处于国内领先、国际先进水平，在国内主流移动通信设备制造商的供应链平台上与国际领先企业，如Skyworks、Qorvo、住友等同台竞争

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by78 said:

The cabbage-ization of AESA radars continues. For one million yuan ($138,000 USD), you too can purchase your own "military grade" AESA multi-functional surveillance radar.

The unit weighs only 27kg and can therefore be easily transported by civilian vehicles. Detection range is around 2km for aerial targets with an RCS of 0.01m2. For ground targets (when mounted at an elevation of 15m), detection range is ≥6km for human sized targets and 15km for vehicles. For sea targets, range is ≥9km for small boats.

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by78 said:

Not sure where these images are from, but they illustrate the industrial chain underpinning the cabbage-ization of AESA radars, with a multitude of institutes and enterprises participating in component manufacturing and final assembly.

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by78 said:

The cabbage-ization of AESA radars continues. For one million yuan ($138,000 USD), you too can purchase your own "military grade" AESA multi-functional surveillance radar.

The unit weighs only 27kg and can therefore be easily transported by civilian vehicles. Detection range is around 2km for aerial targets with an RCS of 0.01m2. For ground targets (when mounted at an elevation of 15m), detection range is ≥6km for human sized targets and 15km for vehicles. For sea targets, range is ≥9km for small boats.

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捕捉监测几百到上千公里外的太空中微小电子的“一举一动”，就好比是要用肉眼去观察几百公里外的一根蜡烛，这个过程中，由中国电科14所和中科院地球所共同研制的三亚非相干散射雷达，作为目前国际上口径最大、功率最高的相控阵非相干散射雷达，就像是超大“显微镜”，可以对微弱的散射信号进行分析放大。

这个庞然大物浑身上下布满数千个精密组件，通过它们可以发射和接收信号，得到电离层的参数。“高度越高，电离层中电子的密度就越稀薄和难以探测，电离层反射接收的信号更是微弱，这对雷达接收信号的灵敏度、波形设计、算法都提出了很高的要求。”该雷达技术负责人表示，在没有可借鉴经验基础上，研制团队经过数百次建模仿真、各个模块逐项分析后，提出了经济高效的研制方案，将电离层探测高度提升到了上千公里，并能捕捉像等离子体这种更加细微的粒子的变化，探测精度和灵敏度达到国际领先水平。投入运行以来，三亚非相干散射雷达首次观测到高时空分辨率的电离层等离子体空洞剖面结构，为开展相关物理研究奠定了坚实的基础。此外，作为高功率雷达，三亚非相干散射雷达还是其他射电天文设备的理想信号源，目前已携手中国“天眼”FAST以及四川稻城圆环阵太阳成像射电望远镜开展联合观测，并初步取得一批成果。据悉，除了有发射、接受功能的三亚主站，我国在海南岛西北的儋州和东北的文昌还有两个接收站，三者形成了“一发三收”的非相干散射雷达系统，像一台面向太空的“超级CT”，能同时得到三个CT切面，更好地监测整个空间环境的立体状态。

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Zichan said:

My last remark on the cooling: with liquid cooling a large chunk of the aircraft fuselage could be used as a radiating surface: in essence you get a big, if inefficient radiator for free. At some point, it will simply scale better than air cooling even on a weight basis.

I almost exclusively follow naval radars. I‘be seen that HENSOLDT is aiming for a fully digital fighter AESA for the NGF in the 2030 timeframe.

What I know is that the SPY-6 radar is already a fully digital AESA (in S-band). This means independent control of each transmit element and independent analog to digital sampling at each receive element. Beamforming is done digitally. On the receive side, as many beams as necessary can be generated using computational post-processing techniques on the digitally sampled RF signals. This means vastly superior scan rates and ability to track significantly more targets compared to analog beamforming solutions, like the F-22 AESA radar or the SPY-1 PESA. Analog beamforming is limited by the resolution of phaseshifters in a way that DBF is not.

Furthermore, DBF by virtue of creating sub-beams provides super-resolution in azimuth and elevation. Combined with wide-bandwidth that allows submeter resolution in range and a powerful target discrimination capability. Such radars can create detailed 3D target maps and guide radar or IR guided missiles towards actual threats, instead of decoys.

Because each element in the array is coupled to a dedicated ADC, the dynamic range of the array is vastly increased. Compared to an analog array of say 1000 elements with one ADC, a digital array with 1000 ADCs will have a 1000 times greater dynamic range.

To deal with jamming and clutter, digital radars use various techniques like Space Time Adaptive Processing for example which allows the radar to single out the jammer signal arrival angle in post-processing and nullify it.

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