Chinese Engine Development

Deino

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Guys ... it's enough !

Any further discussion related to Japan, engine technology in general and most of all political bashings will no longer be tolerated.


Deino
 

by78

General
Reposting this because pages of junk caused by SamuraiBlue (Kyle Mizokami) going off topic had buried the article I posted...


A Chinese team apparently made a breakthrough in producing a new alloy for engine blades that significantly pushes performance boundaries at higher operating temperatures... Below is the abstract of the paper the team has published in Journal Nature:

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Polysynthetic twinned TiAl single crystals for high-temperature applications
TiAl alloys are lightweight, show decent corrosion resistance and have good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, making them appealing for high-temperature applications. However, polysynthetic twinned TiAl single crystals fabricated by crystal-seeding methods face substantial challenges, and their service temperatures cannot be raised further. Here we report that Ti–45Al–8Nb single crystals with controlled lamellar orientations can be fabricated by directional solidification without the use of complex seeding methods. Samples with 0° lamellar orientation exhibit an average room temperature tensile ductility of 6.9% and a yield strength of 708 MPa, with a failure strength of 978MPa due to the formation of extensive nanotwins during plastic deformation. At 900°C yield strength remains high at 637MPa, with 8.1% ductility and superior creep resistance. Thus, this TiAl single-crystal alloy could provide expanded opportunities for higher-temperature applications, such as in aeronautics and aerospace.

At a glance
leftright

27754066141_28e391eb2c_o.jpg

a, Bright-field TEM image of a tensile specimen showing the original α2/γ lamellar structure before the test. b, After the tensile deformation, the bright-field TEM image reveals the ultrafine twinning and lamellar structure, with the selected area electron diffraction pattern (inset). c, A high-resolution (HR) TEM image of the deformed specimen showing multiple-twinned structures containing three twin boundaries γA/γB, γB/γC and γC/γD.

27754064541_22d09d4d46_b.jpg

a, Mechanical properties as a function of temperature. The well-aligned PST single crystal maintains a high yield strength of 637MPa at 900°C; a temperature much higher than the 650–750°C reported for polycrystalline alloys4 (see the pink-colour region in the figure). b,c, The true stress–strain curve and the work hardening rate obtained at ambient temperature (b) and 900°C (c). d, TEM microstructure of well-aligned PST single crystals after tension tested at 900°C. Twins and dislocations appear simultaneously after the elevated-temperature deformation.

27728707282_06440629fc_o.jpg

a
, Creep strain–lifetime curves. The red lines are for the Ti–45Al–8Nb PST single crystals and the blue lines for the 4822 alloys. The inset is the creep strain–lifetime curves of the 4822 commercial alloy under stresses of 150 and 210MPa. b, Comparison of the minimum creep rates of the single and polycrystalline materials.
 

by78

General
Continued...


Here's the Chinese news article covering this development, with Google's translation posted below in two parts (due to character limitation):

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Chinese aeroengine major breakthrough in material life of two orders of magnitude better than the US

Nanjing University of Science Materials Evaluation and Design Engineering Research Center, Professor Chen team funded by the National 973 plan, the long-term research, made a major breakthrough in leaps and bounds in the new aerospace materials titanium aluminum alloys. Related outcomes Polysynthetic twinned TiAl single crystals for high-temperature applications (high temperature single-crystal aluminum titanium PST) on June 20, 2016, published online in Nature Materials ( "Nature Materials").



Research by Professor Chen in the conference

Aerospace technology is an important manifestation of a national science and technology, industry and national defense strength. Known as the heart of aero-engine aircraft, aero-engine blade is the most critical core components, which directly determines the ability of bearing temperature engine performance, especially the thrust to weight ratio.

American GE company uses Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (hereinafter referred to as 4822) to replace the original alloy nickel-base superalloy manufactured GEnx engine last two stages of the low-pressure turbine blades, the single-engine weight about 200 pounds, and saving 20% 80% reduction nitride (NOx) emissions and significantly lower noise, for the Boeing 787, flight 2007 successfully put into commercial operation in 2009, has become the field of aviation and material progress was sensational.

Professor Chen's research team on the new material properties to achieve a substantial leap, PST TiAl single crystals prepared at room temperature tensile ductility and yield strength were as high as 6.9% and 708MPa, a tensile strength of up to 978MPa, to achieve a high strength and high plastic excellent combination. More importantly, the alloy at 900 ℃, the tensile yield strength of 637MPa, and has excellent creep resistance, minimum creep rate and rupture life are better than GEnx engine has been successfully applied 4822 Alloy 1 ~ 2 orders of magnitude, is expected to present TiAl alloy temperature increased from 650 ~ 750 ℃ to above 900 ℃.



General GEnx engine

To shorten the gap between China and developed countries in Europe and America, countries have aircraft engines and gas turbines as a "major scientific and technological projects," and in March 2016 formally established the "China Aviation Engine Group Co., Ltd."

Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Chun-Xiao Cao Academy said: "In general, the ability to bear temperature nickel-base single crystal superalloy each increase of 25 ~ 30 ℃, is the new generation single crystal alloy TiAl alloys Professor Chen's team invented, what will bear. Wen capacity increased by more than 150 ~ 250 ℃, is a major breakthrough, is a leading achievements. the key materials technology born in the country, is the pride of our country and nation with pride! great value not only to the development of China's aerospace industry help Chinese aircraft have a stronger 'China heart', will contribute to maintaining world peace and promoting social development has played a positive role. "

Ministry of Science and Advanced Structural Composites topics Expert Group, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials researcher Zhang Guoqing, deputy chief engineer, said: "superalloys is one of the key research content 'focus on new materials development and application of' national key projects, high-strength lightweight material is an important development direction of the country's new materials in the field .TiAl alloys because of its excellent high temperature strength and performance, it has become the new alternative materials for high temperature structural materials for aerospace applications and prospects of the traditional high-temperature alloys. Professor Chen of Nanjing University successful research team 'PST temperature TiAl alloy single crystal' greatly improved high-temperature performance, significantly improves the plastic material for the development and application of new lightweight high-temperature structural material has a very important significance. "

Long been engaged in high-temperature structural materials research of Institute of Metal Research Fellow Yuan Chao said: "Professor Chen team uses monocrystalline TiAl nano-twinned toughening process for producing not only high strength and ductility at room temperature is more than 6.9%, belong to metal major breakthrough compound research. On the one hand, this discovery could be applied to other inter-metallic compounds, lead compounds among the new round of research upsurge metal, with great theoretical significance. On the other hand, high plasticity lay the foundation for real engineering applications, great engineering significance. " And said: "This achievement is a Chinese original, the absolute world leader suggested that the state intensify support as soon as possible the comprehensive performance test alloy, used in blade manufacturing of real aircraft engines.".

Professor Chen Introduction



Professor Chen (Information)

Director of Materials Evaluation and Design Engineering Research Center of Nanjing University, metal nano materials and technology laboratory director, two professors, doctoral tutor. Vice president of the Technology Association of China New Materials, Materials Research Society between China and the amorphous alloy metal compound branch director, Jiangsu young leading scientists, Jiangsu Province ten outstanding patent inventor, Intermetallics (intermetallic compound) guest editor, the first sixth (2005) and ninth (2016) and President of the international Symposium on advanced materials intermetallic compound.

As the first Zhuyanren presided over the completion of the outcome, the Ministry of Education awarded the first prize in a technical invention, Jiangsu province science and technology prize two, won the China Invention Association and Venture Award for People Award invention, the metal compound between advanced and advanced international Symposium on materials outstanding contribution Award.

Titanium Aluminum Profile (According to the China Aviation News)

TiAl based alloy of low density, high elastic modulus, comprehensive performance is better than the traditional high-temperature alloys, toughness and higher than ordinary ceramic material, showing a remarkable development prospects in aerospace materials, the representative of a new generation of high-temperature materials one is as a material of choice for high thrust-weight ratio of advanced military aircraft engine high pressure compressor and low pressure turbine blades. Europe, America and Japan and other countries have successively made of titanium to aluminum research on the application of advanced aero-engine-depth progress, the use of advanced technology methods, have developed a high-pressure compressor blades and other parts, engine assembly and testing have been delivered.
 

by78

General
Part II of the translation:

background

Since the successful development of nickel-based alloys, turbine engine applications in the aviation sector has been greatly promoted. By improving and developing nickel-based superalloy and titanium-based alloys, and advanced manufacturing technology, aerospace engine performance applications has been constantly improved. However, with thrust-weight ratio and the continuous improvement of turbine tip temperature (Table 1), a turbine engine compressor and turbine stages gradually reduced, single-stage load is increasing, more and more high stress level part, increasingly harsh conditions, blades and other critical parts of the structure are also increasingly complex, has two main traditional high-temperature structural materials performance nickel-based alloys and titanium-based superalloy increased to its limit level, it is necessary to seek more advanced and reliable materials and processes designed to meet the future requirements of the engine.

γ-TiAl based alloy having excellent high temperature strength, creep resistance, oxidation resistance and flame retardance, and low density, high modulus of elasticity (Table 2), the comprehensive performance is better than the conventional stainless steel and nickel-based superalloys, etc. the toughness was higher than conventional ceramic materials. In addition, the coefficient of expansion of aluminum alloy titanium nickel-based alloys can be compared with a low coefficient of expansion, and also below the flammability of nickel-based alloys. These advantages make it the aviation, aerospace, flight missile engines and heat-resistant lightweight structural parts of the car's most competitive materials.

Situation TiAl Alloy

TiAl based alloys are currently the greatest obstacle to the practical application of such hand is brittle at room temperature alloys, difficult deformation processing, the other is insufficient oxidation resistance above 850 ℃, which restricts the application and promotion of TiAl based alloy. In the near future to develop the high-Nb-TiAl based intermetallic compounds in high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance has made great progress, a high melting point component of Nb increases the temperature of the alloy melting point and ordered, so that the use of alloys the temperature reaches 900 ℃ or more, so that the system has the potential to replace the alloy exhibits a nickel-based alloy. However, high-niobium alloy at room temperature and greatly improve the high temperature strength of TiAl alloys, but also further reduces its temperature and high-temperature ductility, especially high temperature ductility lower than the average TiAl based alloys.

Since the 1990s, researchers of the world regarded the thermoplastic processing technology research and development as a research focus TiAl based alloy, TiAl based alloys have long thermoplastic processing and related field is very active. Large deformation of TiAl alloy weight thermoplastic processing, can significantly improve the room temperature ductility TiAl alloy and plastic working through forging billet after due with a fine and uniform microstructure, it is possible to further meet the needs of isothermal forging. Been to thermoplastic processing TiAl alloys, through a certain heat treatment process, you can get a variety of comprehensive performance, to meet the engineering application.

US company GE will cast a full set of 98 low-pressure turbine blades mounted on a large commercial transport aircraft CF6-80C2 engine, through the assessment test 1000 flight cycles. Thyssen (Thyssen) and Rolls-Royce (Rolls-Royce) forging a successful engine high pressure compressor blades, alloy composition used is Ti47Al3.7 (Nb, Cr, Mn, Si) 0.5B; Japan's Mitsubishi Corporation adopted package sets of forging a Ti-42Al-10V alloy blades, the alloy has good high temperature plastic, the company also developed Ti42Al5Mn alloy, and the use of forged the way to create a machining turbine blades and other parts; use Rolls-Royce alloy TNB Department produced a high-pressure compressor blades and vanes will be delivered this engine assembly for testing.

TiAl Alloy Development Trend

Titanium aluminum alloys for aerospace materials showing remarkable development prospects, become an advanced military aircraft engine high pressure compressor and low pressure turbine blade material of choice. GE's GE90 engine program titanium aluminum alloy blades used in place of nickel-based alloys, will reduce engine weight of 200 to 300 kg or more. Airbus and Boeing are working to increase engine thrust than the low-pressure turbine maximum weight loss potential in the near future the rear of the turbine rotor blade titanium aluminum alloy blades. Analysis showed that the future engine of the market demand for γ-TiAl low pressure turbine blades of up to one million, will replace the current advanced turbine engines last a heavier nickel-based blades. NASA reports that by 2020 the amount of titanium and aluminum alloy composites in aviation, aerospace engines will share at about 20%.
 

Blackstone

Brigadier
Reposting this because pages of junk caused by SamuraiBlue () going off topic had buried the article I posted...
Let's stop the personal stuff. We're all guilty of some of it, so I'm not blaming anyone in specific. Let's just end it.

As for material advances, let's see what difference they make with China engine development, if any. When China start mass producing engines on par with US manufacturers, then the Peanut Gallery will believe.
 

Hendrik_2000

Lieutenant General
Courtesy of Vincent from CDF Seem like WS 13 flew for the first time today as present to CCP 95th birthday
黎阳公司2016-07-02 09:40

七月一日,这是一个特殊的日子,配装黎阳公司某型发动机的飞机轰鸣声震醒了北方静寂的大地,成功实现首飞。

上午,9时53分,配装黎阳某发动机的飞机昂首冲向天空,按照预定航路完成爬行、飞行等任务,10时01分成功着陆,整个飞行过程中发动机工作7分33秒,参数正常,工作稳定。“成功了!”“成功了!”机场响起了一片欢呼声。

在建党95周年之际,黎阳人以实际行动向祖国交了一份厚礼,践行“动力强军 科技报国”的使命,以迎难而上的决心,坚定不移的信心,持之以恒的耐心,为航空发动机事业冲锋在前,贡献智慧和力量。

作 为该型机总承制单位,公司充分发挥了“厂所结合”优势,在各承制单位的大力配合和全体参研人员的共同努力下,攻坚克难,亮剑图强,通力协作,出色完成任务 并成功实现首飞,标志着该型新机研制工作取得阶段性胜利,是中推涡扇新机研制中又一个非常重要的里程碑!(生产指挥部 党委工作部)
Liyang 2016-07-02 09:40

July, which is a special day, equipped with a certain type of company Liyang aircraft engines roar awakened northern silence of the earth, the successful first flight.

Morning, 9:53, equipped with an engine aircraft Liyang head toward the sky, according to a predetermined route completed crawling, flying and other tasks, 10:01 successful landing, the entire flight operation of the engine 7 minutes 33 seconds, the normal parameters, stable job. "It worked!" "It worked!" Airport cheers rang out.

In the occasion of 95 anniversary of its founding, Liyang people take practical action to deliver a gift to the motherland, practice the "science and technology serve the country, strengthen the military power" of the mission, in order to resolve the difficulties, unwavering faith, patience and perseverance, the first charge for the aviation engine business, contribute their wisdom and strength.

As a kind, total manufacturing units, companies give full play to the "factory bound" advantage, the joint efforts of the strong cooperation of the various manufacturing units and all those involved in research personnel to tackle tough, (Sword?) and strengthen the country, collaboration, excellent and successfully complete the task first flight, marking the development of new aircraft type has achieved initial success, it is pushing the development of new aircraft turbofan in another very important milestone! (Production Headquarters Party Work Department)
 

Equation

Lieutenant General
Courtesy of Vincent from CDF Seem like WS 13 flew for the first time today as present to CCP 95th birthday
黎阳公司2016-07-02 09:40

七月一日,这是一个特殊的日子,配装黎阳公司某型发动机的飞机轰鸣声震醒了北方静寂的大地,成功实现首飞。

上午,9时53分,配装黎阳某发动机的飞机昂首冲向天空,按照预定航路完成爬行、飞行等任务,10时01分成功着陆,整个飞行过程中发动机工作7分33秒,参数正常,工作稳定。“成功了!”“成功了!”机场响起了一片欢呼声。

在建党95周年之际,黎阳人以实际行动向祖国交了一份厚礼,践行“动力强军 科技报国”的使命,以迎难而上的决心,坚定不移的信心,持之以恒的耐心,为航空发动机事业冲锋在前,贡献智慧和力量。

作 为该型机总承制单位,公司充分发挥了“厂所结合”优势,在各承制单位的大力配合和全体参研人员的共同努力下,攻坚克难,亮剑图强,通力协作,出色完成任务 并成功实现首飞,标志着该型新机研制工作取得阶段性胜利,是中推涡扇新机研制中又一个非常重要的里程碑!(生产指挥部 党委工作部)
Liyang 2016-07-02 09:40

July, which is a special day, equipped with a certain type of company Liyang aircraft engines roar awakened northern silence of the earth, the successful first flight.

Morning, 9:53, equipped with an engine aircraft Liyang head toward the sky, according to a predetermined route completed crawling, flying and other tasks, 10:01 successful landing, the entire flight operation of the engine 7 minutes 33 seconds, the normal parameters, stable job. "It worked!" "It worked!" Airport cheers rang out.

In the occasion of 95 anniversary of its founding, Liyang people take practical action to deliver a gift to the motherland, practice the "science and technology serve the country, strengthen the military power" of the mission, in order to resolve the difficulties, unwavering faith, patience and perseverance, the first charge for the aviation engine business, contribute their wisdom and strength.

As a kind, total manufacturing units, companies give full play to the "factory bound" advantage, the joint efforts of the strong cooperation of the various manufacturing units and all those involved in research personnel to tackle tough, (Sword?) and strengthen the country, collaboration, excellent and successfully complete the task first flight, marking the development of new aircraft type has achieved initial success, it is pushing the development of new aircraft turbofan in another very important milestone! (Production Headquarters Party Work Department)

Where are all my doubters and naysayers at!?:D:eek:
 
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