Inflation depends on how large the money supply is relative to how productive the economy is. China is almost always in a disinflationary/deflationary mode because its productivity rises so rapidly that it puts a lid on prices. That might sound like a good thing, but deflation suppresses investment since who wants to produce in an environment where prices keep dropping - the sound move is just to hold on to money as it gains in value. The US is so far away from any genuine productivity (being a "service" economy dominated by financial chicanery and stock market bubbles) and its money supply has already long surpassed what its meagre productivity can support.
I agree that in principle China can brrrr its money printers enough that it triggers inflation, but that won't happen because China is run by experts and not demagogues and white-collar criminals.
To some extent, what you said is true. However, there is a reason why the Chinese government is trying to put a cap in infrastructure spending and excessive customer spending. It is Western giants that control the prices of commodities and food not China. For example, Western companies would choose not to increase iron ore production and the prices of iron ore would go up and up and up until China reduces demands. Same thing with many commodities and food. You don't want to end up sending your hard earned money to these Western giants.
It doesn't matter how smart the Chinese government is. Just look at iron ore prices, even a slight hint of infrastructure boom can send the prices to the roof. We are talking about $100 billion more just for iron ore alone. In addition, China is already having a great difficulty to discourage excess money from entering the housing market which would create more social problem.