Chinese cruise and anti-ship missiles

ZTZ99

Banned Idiot
UNCLOS gives the right for innocent passage:

1. Foreign trawling is only permitted outside the Exclusive Economic Zone (or inside, if allowed by the host nation), thus the Chinese would be able to deny any foreign trawlers inside their waters (why would a fleet of trawlers cross into Chinese territorial waters if they were not there for fishing?)
2. If ships passing through territorial waters are in danger of damaging military infrastructure or in any way pose a threat to the host county, said country is at full right to deny the ship(s) passage, and if necessary, engage the vessels.

Exactly. In wartime, if any vessel was even suspected of damaging SOSUS lines on purpose, they would be destroyed without further ado. No investigation, no arrests, missile inbound.
 

Engineer

Major
You are missing the point. I shall rephrase my comments as follows:

Both the Iraqi fibre optic communications grid and SOSUS are like a spider web. When you start cutting certain sections of the spider web, say like the anchor lines, large sections of the spider web collapse. These anchor lines are like the nodes and stations that are used in the Iraqi fibre optic communications grid and SOSUS; they provide points where the cables meet or branch out. You knock out these nodes, you knock out large sections of the grid.
No, you are missing the point. Iraq doesn't matter, since comparison of China to Iraq is invalid.

The US has laser guided munitions as well; in fact, the vast majority of the American bunker buster stock is laser guided. Furthermore, weapons like the AGM-154C JSOW are infra-red guided.
Considering the fact that modern tanks have equipments to detect enemy's laser signal, when a similar equipment is used in the role of air defense, a B-2 going active with laser designator will be in a very dangerous situation. Even ignoring such equipment, the constrains from laser guided munitions such as visibility will severe limit when and where the aircraft can go.

The B-2 and other low observable aircraft in the US inventory have been upgraded to use a variety of stand off weapons. These weapons allow the engagement of defended targets from outside the range of standard anti-aircraft defences, thereby increasing aircraft survivability.
To use laser guided munitions would require the B-2 to come to visual range of the target. Outside the range of anti-aircraft defenses means GPS guided munitions will be unusable due to jamming.

1. There is no need to extensively coordinate a trawler fleet. As long as you provide general coordinates, you are clear.
Nope. It is a fleet, thus require coordination no matter how simple the coordination is. It also requires secure communication with friendlies. This isn't a strategy game where you click a button to build a unit, then click again to send it on its way.

2. Military crew are well trained in general ship handling and operations. Otherwise, how are ship boarding crews able to board, seize control of ships and navigate them with uncooperative crews?
You are not reading. Military crew are not trained to operate fishing trawlers that have specialized equipments built for the purpose of trawling. Nor do such a crew have experience on ship handling when trawling gears are deployed.

3. It is hard to prove intent. Would the Chinese risk angering Japan, South Korea or other nearby nations by attacking civilian trawlers just because they cut cables?
First, in a war, China will not only sink these fishing trawlers but respond by striking other military targets of these nations. Second, any civilian assets that follow military's order and participating in military actions are military assets and not innocent. Third, Japan, South Korea, and other nearby nations will already have accepted the risk of angering China and receiving a face full of missiles when they volunteer to aid the US during a war. Your scenario where they can freely and openly attack China's assets without receiving retaliation will not happen.

Under UNCLOS, foreign ships are allowed free passage through a nation's territorial waters, and a nation cannot suspend that right for extended periods of time. China is a signatory to UNCLOS, and as such, your reaction would be in violation of international law.
False. Actions such as cutting another nation's undersea cable will be a violation of International Law.

4. Additionally, most submarine cables that go long distances are composed of a short section of armoured cable for shallow water, and a thinner, lightweight cable to go long distances, as it is prohibitively expense to use armoured cable to go long distances, coupled with the inflexibility of armoured cable.

Cable burial can only occur under certain seabed conditions, and it can only be buried at a shallow depth due to the limitations of the technology.
Waving your hands in the air and say "shallow" means nothing, nor saying "seabed conditions", nor claiming "limitations of technology".

Modern cables can be buried at depth of 1500m, under 1.5m of earth, and can be pursued as long as the sea floor is flat enough for the undersea plow. Technologies for cable burial is always ahead of technologies of bottom trawling, because owners of cables have to ensure their investment will be protected even when fishermen run out of fish in shallower regions ten years later and move to deeper regions.

You under estimate the damage bottom trawling can do to the ocean floor; the damage done by bottom trawling to the sea bed can actually be seen from outer space via satellites. Large, deep gouges can be carved into the sea floor from such activities.
You are underestimating what damage trawling activities can cause to cables. Spinning what I have said to "to the sea bed" does not automatically means undersea cable is fragile and that a hydrophone network is a house of cards.
 
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Maggern

Junior Member
Has USA ever retified UNCLOS?

No. But UNCLOS has been ratified by so many countries (almost all, AFAIK) that it is considered as codification of international custom and thus legal to all countries irregardless if they have ratified it or not. The US would thus be bound by most of the provisions of the treaty if it was sued before the International Court of Justice.
 
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Confuse

New Member
No. But UNCLOS has been ratified by so many countries (almost all, AFAIK) that it is considered as codification of international custom and thus legal to all countries irregardless if they have ratified it or not. The US would thus be bound by most of the provisions of the treaty if it was sued before the International Court of Justice.



not ratifying it is a tactic of not be legally bound to it but using the spirit against others when it suits their interests... if any case goes against the US it will just say "i'm not subject to it" .. even if the world is defacto adhere to the UNCLOS the US has the power of influence to force its own interests by might makes right and no one will make too much of an issue based on moral ... pretty much use and write the rules of the "game" where it suits your interests but leave legal loopholes to have it not apply to your disadvantage and if that still doesn't work it devolves into "law of the jungle"
 

Maggern

Junior Member
not ratifying it is a tactic of not be legally bound to it but using the spirit against others when it suits their interests... if any case goes against the US it will just say "i'm not subject to it" .. even if the world is defacto adhere to the UNCLOS the US has the power of influence to force its own interests by might makes right and no one will make too much of an issue based on moral ... pretty much use and write the rules of the "game" where it suits your interests but leave legal loopholes to have it not apply to your disadvantage and if that still doesn't work it devolves into "law of the jungle"

I think you underestimate and misunderstand the concepts of international law. The US has no influence in ICJ matters, unless one of the 14 judges are from the US at that time. The Court judges solely on judicial grounds, outside power relationships etc. The fact of the matter is that UNCLOS was an attempt to codify what was already considered international custom, and after its drafting enough countries has signed and ratified it to bolster this position. International custom binds all nations of the world, and simply refusing to ratify a treaty doesn't mean you are elevated above custom. Custom is custom, it's the way the world has agreed all countries should behave. The ICJ can thus judge against the US in such a case.

Now, where you are right is that if the ICJ judges against the US, the trail stops there. There is no implementary power (aside from the Security Council, but....yeah)

PS: If a country presents reservations to a treaty or any part of international law, it also abandons its right to protest breaches of these by other countries. This is also codified by treaties the US has signed and ratified.
 

Engineer

Major
Both the Iraqi fibre optic communications grid and SOSUS are like a spider web. When you start cutting certain sections of the spider web, say like the anchor lines, large sections of the spider web collapse. These anchor lines are like the nodes and stations that are used in the Iraqi fibre optic communications grid and SOSUS; they provide points where the cables meet or branch out. You knock out these nodes, you knock out large sections of the grid.

Actually, to be fair, if we were discussing Iran's equivalent of SOSUS, then your example is perfectly valid. However, we are discussing China here, so I will give my last attempt to explain why your example is invalid.

The issue here is not whether there are or lack of similarities. Are there nodes in SOSUS just like Iraq's fiber optics network? Quite possibly yes. But you can also say that about all communication networks. The issue is how you are using these similarities in an attempt to generalize things. You are making the generalization that China's system will be easy to destroy because Iraq's system was easy to destroy, but you totally ignore the differences between China and Iraq; whereas US enjoyed air-superiority over Iraq, US will be denied air-superiority over China. Thus, whether two networks have similar structure doesn't matter, because you cannot wipe out a network when you cannot get pass the defenses. This, is the reason why I say your Iraq example is irrelevant.

Hopefully that will clear things up for you, although I won't hold my breath over it.
 

Pointblank

Senior Member
No, you are missing the point. Iraq doesn't matter, since comparison of China to Iraq is invalid.

It is valid on a technical level due to the nature of networks.

Considering the fact that modern tanks have equipments to detect enemy's laser signal, when a similar equipment is used in the role of air defense, a B-2 going active with laser designator will be in a very dangerous situation. Even ignoring such equipment, the constrains from laser guided munitions such as visibility will severe limit when and where the aircraft can go.


To use laser guided munitions would require the B-2 to come to visual range of the target. Outside the range of anti-aircraft defenses means GPS guided munitions will be unusable due to jamming.

1. Not all areas can be heavily defended, as no nation has the ability to heavily protect all of their assets across a large area. There will be gaps, and those gaps will be exploited.

2. GPS guided munitions are not rendered useless due to jamming of the GPS signal. GPS guided munitions are primarily INS guided, with GPS used to fine tune the targeting. In such cases, the CEP usually increases, but such increases are still within acceptable limits.

Nope. It is a fleet, thus require coordination no matter how simple the coordination is. It also requires secure communication with friendlies. This isn't a strategy game where you click a button to build a unit, then click again to send it on its way.


You are not reading. Military crew are not trained to operate fishing trawlers that have specialized equipments built for the purpose of trawling. Nor do such a crew have experience on ship handling when trawling gears are deployed.

All that is required is to give trawler crews areas they are to trawl, and let the individual captains of the trawlers to make their decision as to how they wish to proceed.

First, in a war, China will not only sink these fishing trawlers but respond by striking other military targets of these nations. Second, any civilian assets that follow military's order and participating in military actions are military assets and not innocent. Third, Japan, South Korea, and other nearby nations will already have accepted the risk of angering China and receiving a face full of missiles when they volunteer to aid the US during a war. Your scenario where they can freely and openly attack China's assets without receiving retaliation will not happen.

Under international law, you cannot deliberately target civilians with lethal force. In war, you must do your utmost best to preserve civilian life, and if any civilian is caught in acts of sabotage, they must be charged criminally, or let go.

False. Actions such as cutting another nation's undersea cable will be a violation of International Law.

No it isn't; its a civil court issue. In short, you can only sue the person who might have cut the cable, and only to recover the cost of repairs.

Waving your hands in the air and say "shallow" means nothing, nor saying "seabed conditions", nor claiming "limitations of technology".

Modern cables can be buried at depth of 1500m, under 1.5m of earth, and can be pursued as long as the sea floor is flat enough for the undersea plow. Technologies for cable burial is always ahead of technologies of bottom trawling, because owners of cables have to ensure their investment will be protected even when fishermen run out of fish in shallower regions ten years later and move to deeper regions.

You are underestimating what damage trawling activities can cause to cables. Spinning what I have said to "to the sea bed" does not automatically means undersea cable is fragile and that a hydrophone network is a house of cards.

Trawling activity is capable of moving 25 tonne boulders with ease and slice into the ground 20cm on each pass, with most trawlers making multiple passes in the same area.

In the East Asia Sea, on average, there are 20-30 instances of submarine cables being cut by civilian activities each year, usually through trawling. A higher concentration of cables means the more likelihood of cables being damaged.

I will also add that trawling activity has also damaged underwater oil pipes, which are more durable than underwater cables.
 
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