Will anyone with a 5G phone be able to access this 5G constellation? Without any special equipment or software?
No and will probably never.
There is some 3GPP specs regarding satellite in 5G network, but it is about using satellite in place of land based trunk lines such as fibre and microwaves. This Chinese constellation is fulfilling this part of 5G spec.
Physically it is impossible for an ordinary 5G phone to receive signal strong enough from a satellite.
The use case of the constellation is to connect a mobile 5G base station on an ocean liner, airliner, oil rig, naval task force, science expedition in the middle of nowhere with the land based network, allowing usage of ordinary 5G phones or IOT.