Let say a Chinese child doesn't have academic potential but does have athletic potential what sort of sports does a child in china play in the 2020s? Most of the boys here in the Netherlands started playing soccer at the age of 3~4 years old. At the age of 6 or 7 most people know if they have pro footbal potential or not.
Problem is that you cannot say a child has "no academic potential", only a ceiling. Plus studying is demonstrably more effective at raising the floor than sports training. So a parent in decent circumstances will likely want their kid to be in a academic stream where they can more reliably achieve a decent outcome, rather than the athletic (Given the choice of choosing between regular school and those Soviet-style sports academies).
I don't know any sepecifics, but there is a good chance there are not enough organized youth sports outside of state sponsorship, and a corresponding lack of talent identification. Usually when kids have athletic potential, as you mentioned, it will be quite apparent even at a young age. However, due to the young age and not-yet-developed coordination and body, they will usually do very well in a multitude of sports. It won't be until the teenage years where they specialize.
With that in mind, there is no success in any men's teams right now, so clearly there is a deficiency overall.