Carbon fiber is RF transparent, it is widely used in RF models (quad copter, air plane). It is flammable so the resin needs add fire retardant.
SiC fiber composite is better for airplane/aerospace use (it is called ceramic matrix composite) for better strength under high temperature.
I don't know about the other things discussed. IMHO it is counter-productive to apply paint on radome (no reason to paint over it). It should be the material's original surface. Again my speculation is the color change in radame reflects a change in material from carbon to SiC composites.
Actually radomes are fabricated from fiber glass layers with a foam core,, how many layers, and the specific lay-up depend on the type of usage airspeeds, weather, abrasion that the nose cone will be subjected to.... however all fiberglass radomes must have a poly or painted protective coating to protect against abrasion and that poly coating will be "impregnated" with enough carbon fibre to conduct static electricity or lightning "over" or away from the structural fiberglass, this is even more important of structural airframe parts..
the trick with the carbon fibre coatings of radomes, is that you must not apply to much, or you will "impede" radar transmission and reception! If you look at the trailing edge of most carbon fibre control surfaces there is a "static wick", and that is either a metal rod or weaving, or more likely a carbon fibre "wick" to "wick away" static electricity! in order to prevent structural damage??