IDK much about AI. but in physical sciences (chemistry, physics and environmental science) China is basically overrunning everyone.I'm not seeing a race towards dominance here; in fact those numbers show China publishes fewer research AI papers today as a % of the total compared to 2010. Further, the vast majority of China's papers are in areas like computer vision, where practicality is driving the research. Basic research - the sort that leads to break throughs like Deep Learning - still mostly take place in the West and especially the US.
I'm not saying this to down play China's achievements as China is still obviously ahead of everyone else not in the West and many of the authors of Western papers are Chinese or Indian. But the Western choke hold on basic research persists and it has much to do with the ability to just throw government and investor money at it.
Exactly so. The US's ultimate power comes from finance. It can afford to keep research areas alive that are of no commercial value, and did for decades through the various AI winters. China and the rest of East Asia chose - and is still choosing - to focus on practical, applied research in industries like manufacturing. This is a conscious trade off and it has consequences, one of which is that the West is incredibly strong in basic research, while East Asia is incredibly strong in advanced manufacturing.
China's only really behind in biological and health sciences. Yet despite that, China's end results in health are still better, which makes one question exactly what use it is being 'ahead' in biomedical science when the objective - to lead longer, healthier lives with lower environmental impact - is completely not being reached.