Re: A China Without Nuclear Weapons?
China's Land, they can't help but try conquer it every few decades.
j/k I don't know what Japan could envy except maybe industrial growth or culture, but why are you so focussed on that detail? Its not much on the topic.
China is the first Country to declare itself strictly defensive (the mentioned "no first use of nukes" thing belong in here). Its main concerns are simply being able to maintain its borders and deter invasions, a bitter lesson it has learned the hard way from getting beaten down by foreign Nations over and over again for their interests (the Opium War, the Boxer Incident, the Sino-Japanese War and WW II), China is damn tough to still be standing today.
+ On International Level, China should leave everything alone that doesn't mess with China.
- China means serious business if its about borders, territory or "beachheads in neighbouring countries".
The Main Countries that view China as possible aggressor are those who are now friendly with the US and allowed them to have military bases on their territory. Ironically thats probably what makes China nervous about them.
-Japan, which was viewed by China as "little brother" suddenly went hostile with pirate assaults and invasions with no deeper political reason than simple hegemony. China hasn't trusted Japan much since these incidents. Also, America came over and demanded Japan to lick its shoes and allow US mlitary bases and supply points for no apparent reason. Because of the obvious difference in power percieved by the emperor, they agreed, those who didn't got massacred (cue in "Last Samurai"). These bases still exist.
-South Korea, Korea (as whole) once had good ties with China, but then Japan repeatedly invaded it. China was always requested by Korea as protector, but Japan eventually defeated China splitting Korea. When NK invaded SK, the USA pulled a sucker move to help SK under the guise of UN, but had to push the border all the way to manchuria, resulting in Chinese involvement of the Korean War, in which the PVA staved off the UN from the chinese border, but SK being thankful to the Americans now sides with the USA.
-North Korea on the other hand, started off well with China as their saviour in the Korean war and communist comrade, but fumbled its trust with its nuclear program (which is a perfect excuse for nuclear SK and Japan, and China doesn't want that).
-India, which had border disputes with China, China also distrusts it thinking it would claim Tibet. Though India was trying to show good will, it blundered by being insistant about certain regions (to be fair, China is always insistant, I'm not wording it to make it sound like its India's fault alone) and sending up troops to engage Chinese border enforcers. It made India feel betrayed and darkened its relation to China for a while, turning more to western powers.
-Pakistan, is actually friendly with China. Ironically, it solved its border disputes peacefully and now has China as "time-tested all-season friend" where India fumbled and took a sino-indian war to pay the price... Pakistan also peacefully evaded being run over by the US by bending to its will in the War on Terrorism. Its the 2nd largest contributor of troops to the UN, but the USA favours India (larger market, more cash) so it discards Pakistan like a used condom the moment they don't need it anymore. Since Mumbai, Pakistan is running danger on becoming stamped terrorist Nation yet again.
-Tibet, being Historically intertwined with China (sometimes positive, sometimes not... like when Tibetians hired the mongols to bring holocaust to everything non-buddhist) and claimed as Chinese region ever since the commies came to free the slaves (Dalai Lama approved), worked to abolish theocracy (Dalai Lama disapproved, fled after a CIA funded uprising failed) and maintain their border interests. Though separatists won't listen to logic (that Tibet is economically better off with China) or the Dalai Lama (who doesn't want them to riot, because thats why the PLA is up there in the first place), its 25% of China's territory. No sane Nation just gives stuff away like that.
-Taiwan (hiho guys! *wave* XD), aside of being conquered by Japan a few times, the KMT government came over, massacred the ('original') Taiwanese who didn't want them and struck roots here as sore losers of the Chinese civil war. Conveniently the USA was there to back them just to oppose the "reds". Most Taiwanese prefer an own identity, but heck, scottish also consider themselves scottish over english. I as Taiwanese also hold on my "Taiwanese" identity, but I'm also ultimately part "Chinese" as my roots lie there and Chinese reunification wouldn't change much anyways, it'll just have China stop aiming missiles at us (though it'll likely just turn them towards Japan XD) so I say its pure gain in that direction.
-Hong Kong, taken by England because China said no to drugs. As it was about to be returnd the World panicked that commie China would screw Hong Kong up for good. But China showed its new-found flexibility there.
-Russia, close friend in commie times, but China is give or take commie (heck, China had to make compromises from the beginning by replacing "working class" with "peasants") and much more radical due to Mao leading to a sino-soviet split.
As you can see, China's current state of "nervosity" is the result of its past lack of focus on military power, allowing hegemony and imperialism to affect itself, its neighbours as well as the economy fumbles in its newer communist days and the USA meddling here and there.
China today is different, it is building up a "minimal deterrance" military power so other countries can't just threaten it with nukes and get away all the time (China has just enough missiles and bombs for any range to make the price of messing with it uneconomical. Its not trying to "win nuclear wars") while its economy has more than recovered with its flexible management. If the World had no nukes, China wouldn't need them either. It believes more in quick regional operations anyways, which is perfect for non-nuclear standoffs of modern time (arresting terrorists or capturing/disarming WMDs). China's hate on Japan has also calmed by a lot (they don't even call them "Japanazis" as much as the Americans do. Heck, they put that on their comic covers... and advertise for war bonds. How many children do they expect to buy war bonds anyways?). Japan doesn't need to worry as long as they don't try to pull a third sino-japanese war for territory (learn to have 1 child policy if you're overpopulated dammit! XDDD).