The one thing these fanart drawings do is they always incorrectly represent the relationship of the stacks and the air intakes. I'm no expert in marine propulsion, but I've noticed that COGAG ships usually have the business ends (power shafts) of each pair of GT's facing each other. I presume this is to have both of them inputting torque into the same gearbox in the most efficient manner possible. Externally this means that the air intake systems would be located forward of the forwardmost stacks and rearward of the rearmost stacks. The Arleigh Burke design is a perfect example of what I'm talking about.
I'm not very knowledgeable such matters either, but what of the ticonderogas? Their air intakes seem to be right alongside its smoke stacks, not particularly forward or rear. But then again maybe I'm looking at the ship wrong.
For this particular set of fanart 055 drawings, if the air intakes are placed correctly, it will put the aft GT's being at risk of sucking in HQ-10 or VLS exhaust every time one of these things fires a missile. Also, horizontal air intakes on a ship are probably not a good idea in general.
I wouldn't say the air intakes are particularly in danger of taking in VLS exhaust, at least compared to other ships in terms of the location of the intakes on the vessel relative to the VLS. The ship would constantly steam forwards I imagine, during combat, so the rest of the hull aft of the forward VLS will move "under" the exhaust of fired missiles. burkes, ticos, and virtually any other normally designed surface combatant has air intakes positioned amidships around the centreline that will cross under any forward VLS exhaust. And I don't think the side facing air intakes of those ships versus upward facing intake of the CGI 055s will show major differences in amount of potential exhaust sucked in.
I don't think HQ-10 makes that much exhaust when firing either, and from its positioning, it is very much aft of the air intakes so I doubt they will suck in what little smoke is there. But then again I've never stood next to an air intake on a DDG during operation so maybe I'm wrong.
I'm also not sure if the air intakes opening face is on a poor axis. I imagine there must be other ships where they face upwards rather than sideways. Would the only danger be rainwater?