It's pretty easy to prevent a carrier from launching its jets (just mess up the deck), but it's near impossible to sink it, unless you have like few hundred missiles firing at it. Who truly knows how effective is saturated missile attack strategy against a carrier strike group. The Russians have launched few hundred missiles within a minute. Yes, they did! Expensive, but it proved their point. The Americans also tweaked with the Aegis system for decades now. Both the pike and the shield have been tested over and over again, but we probably will never see those being used on each other. As of the moment, in this relatively peaceful era, at least for major powers, paper tigers are quite effective. Attacking a carrier means much more than the attack itself, it is a challenge to a country's face.
In a lot of today's scenarios, the weapon might not be that effective, they still serve the purpose. For example, even if the US carrier has all four catapults damaged. As long as they send the carrier to a place with regional dispute, almost everyone there will back down and listen to Uncle Sam.
To be honest, the two carriers in 96 scenario cannot challenge China's dominance in that area. They can easily be taken out with countless missiles. But China still backed down, because a carrier is the face of a nation. China at that time still didn't have the muscle or the gut to slap the Americans in the face.
The same serves for Varyag, or whatever it will be called when commissioned. Let's be honest, Varyag is pretty small and the layout makes it not able to carry that many jets. It is half the tonnage of Nimitz class Godzillas, but probably is only able to carry 1/3 the number of aircrafts. But even so, as long as China sends the carrier to South China Sea region, countries like Malaysia and Phillipine will just protest and then back down.
Quick question,
everybody say that launching from curved deck wastes fuel, but doesn't catapult launch also require them to turn on afterburners? I mean, I have seen videos of launches, where they leave the after burner on for like 10-20 seconds. This is not any shorter than a jumpstart.