Crobato said, "The fundamental problem of Afghanistan, like in many countries in Africa, is tribalism. Doesn't matter what is the name, Taliban, or whatever, so long you got a tribal social order its going to be both a hotbed for fundamentalism and drugs.
"One of the ways to counter tribalism is a strong central government, even to the point of acting oppressive. I honestly don't seem to see much of a choice."
****************
Tribalism doesn't lead to a hotbed of drugs (but it does lead to provincialism). It's usually the other way around. Tribalism wipes out drug abuse. When the Muslim extremists had unchallenged power in Afghanistan, opium production and other drugs decreased dramatically. Opium production and other drug production have skyrocketed ever since the US military tried to control Afghanistan.
Tribes are more likely than modern communities (such as interconnected hamlets, towns, cities, and metropolises) to be harsh and cold-hearted towards drug addicts, because tribes tend to be less productive than modern communities. Tribes can't put up with social dead-weights as well as modern communities.
However, I've never been to Afghanistan and don't plan on going there any time soon, so I could be wrong. I am getting my info on various news sources and most agree that the US military policies intentionally and accidentally promote opium and other drugs. I read the same situation happened in Vietnam, Colombia, and other areas.
In regards to strongman rulers, I agree that tribal Afghanistan needs a strongman ruler like the Taliban system. I would like to add the phenomenon of "Only-I-can-beat-up-my-little-bro." Afghanis are probably more tolerant of attacking each other than foreigners attacking them. Same with Americans/every social group. Compared to terrorism, Americans have a MUCH higher rate of death and suffering from lousy/junk foods from corporations, lazy lifestyles, car accidents, and criminals. Yet, Americans are MUCH more lenient towards unscrupulous corporations, bad drivers, and criminals than towards terrorists/freedom fighters/insurgents/rebel alliance/whatever. The Afghani strongman and his command system has to truly arise from the Afghani people and NOT from foreign strings.