It is hard to say. People focus too much on the equipment but never on the training, military culture and organization. Assuming the footage of the wrecked Bradley’s and Leopards is real, one can argue that the losses were caused by the lack of combined arms training, knowledge and leadership along with various other variables such as the higher ups’ adherence to the old Soviet doctrine and, worst of all, lying in training which most likely translates into lying on the battlefield. All of this is mentioned by former US Special Forces officers who are in Ukraine training battalion and company officers as we speak in this article:
I read the aforementioned article a couple weeks ago when Kofman retweeted it actually. I am always interested in the opinions of NCOs and junior staff, but at the same time, lower-level officers tend to have a habit of being very narrowly Eurocentric (or maybe I should say NATO-centric?).
Doctrines evolve, tactics evolve, and so do combat manuals. Especially as they are meaningfully applied in the field, rather than officer halls. This is true of NATO as well. The failure in Vietnam has led to significant revisions in US manuals and an evolution in air power doctrine (among others). The same happened to the Red Army in the aftermath of its intervention in Afghanistan.
I don't think there is something inherently wrong with old Soviet style doctrine. Or something inherently wrong with NATO's, China's, or otherwise. Every military will have its gaps. What is important, is that a State's military power
have a doctrine. That is has a cohesive way of war that can adapt and evolve to meet modern challenges.
The main issue with some of the way NATO has approached Ukrainian training, is that they are trying to re-create a new army, instead of simply improving on what's already there. They look down on older practices (ironically, one could argue that it was Soviet legacy equipment and mobilization infrastructure that saved Ukraine in its first three weeks) and try to reject everything in favor of "modernity" or Western style practices.
In my opinion, this is an error, and this approach has led to what Kofman described as
two armies co-existing in one organization, which is clearly a source of friction and mis-communication in the army.
Instead, NATO trainers need to focus on cohesion, and improving on parts that are deficient, while maintaining or evolving the parts that work well. NATO's commentary and approach, is ironically reminiscent of the typical caricature of a Communist Commissar. Detached, and un-involved in the actual work, while passing down judgement on the people who actually do the work.