Boeing’s Souped-Up Super Hornet Adds Smart U.S. Navy Firepower
Feb 14, 2017 | Aviation Week & Space Technology
- As President Donald Trump signals he may reconsider the mix of and for the carrier air wing of the 2020s and beyond, is pitching an upgraded “Block 3” Super Hornet designed to add firepower and act as a smart node on the U.S. Navy’s future network.
While the service’s first F-35Cs will come online in 2018, the F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet will make up at least half of the carrier air wing through the 2040s. The challenge is to keep the Super Hornet, an airframe originally designed in the 1990s, relevant and effective against advanced threats into the middle of the century.
BOEING’S LATEST ADVANCED SUPER HORNET PITCH
Secretary of Defense James Mattis is overseeing a review comparing F-35C and F/A-18 E/F
“Block 3” moves away from stealth, increases magazine depth
New design features conformal fuel tanks, long-range IRST, advanced computing
Will complement F-35C, E-2D and Growler
That issue is nothing new for Boeing, but the discussion about the next step for Super Hornet has shifted in the past few years. While the “Advanced Super Hornet” Boeing proposed in 2013 focused on stealth, the new and improved Block 3 is designed to optimize the Navy’s integrated network architecture, says Dan Gillian, Boeing F/A-18 and EA-18 program manager.
The big question for the carrier air wing through the 2030s, says Gillian, is: “How can the Super Hornet evolve in a complementary way with the E-2D [Hawkeye] and Growler to help address some of those carrier gaps?”
Boeing believes the Navy could detail a plan to procure the Super Hornet Block 3 as soon as the fiscal 2018 budget proposal, expected later this spring. A fiscal 2019 buy would mean Boeing could have aircraft off the production line in the early 2020s, Gillian notes.
The revived conversation about the advanced Super Hornet is emerging just weeks after Trump made headlines by pitting the naval strike fighter against ’s F-35. In a blow to Lockheed, he asked Boeing to price out the cost of building a “comparable” Super Hornet as a possible alternative to the F-35C carrier variant, and Secretary of Defense James Mattis has since ordered a review comparing the two aircraft.
However, Gillian would not say definitively whether Block 3 could replace the F-35C in the carrier air wing. Boeing is focused on “complementary capability,” and ultimately the Navy will decide the right mix of each platform, he stresses.
“We are supporting Block 3 as a key piece of solving the carrier air wing capability problem,” he says. “Our job is to present solutions to solve their warfighting problems.”
Gillian envisions a Block 3 Super Hornet working in tandem with the stealthy F-35C, Growler’s full-spectrum jammer and E-2D’s early-warning capability to dominate the skies. The addition of a long-range infrared sensor (IRST) will allow Block 3 to detect and track advanced threats from a distance, while conformal fuel tanks (CFT) will extend range by 100-120 nm. The CFTs are designed to replace the extra fuel tanks Super Hornets currently sling under the wing, reducing weight and drag and enabling additional payload.
These changes allow a fully loaded Block 3 Super Hornet to operate in conjunction with a stealthy F-35, providing air cover and greater magazine depth.
“You can have an F-35 in its very stealthy way doing a deep-strike mission with Super Hornet providing air superiority at that same range, or you can have Super Hornet carrying large standoff weapons that F-35 cannot carry, with F-35 providing some air cover,” Gillian says. “You get very mission-flexible, so range is important.”
Certain features of the 2013 proposal, such as the enclosed weapons pod and internal IRST sensor, were dropped from the 2016-17 package because Boeing’s analysis determined the Super Hornet was “stealthy enough”—it can fly full-up and still be survivable. Boeing engineers found they needed to make design compromises to significantly reduce the aircraft’s radar cross-section—for instance, by restricting payload.
“At some point we drew a line that would allow us to be stealthy enough in a balanced survivable way to be effective, and that is what we think we have,” Gillian says. “The F-35 is a stealthier airplane, but we have a balanced approach to survivability, including electronic warfare and self-protection.”
Block 3 also features an advanced computing infrastructure designed to take advantage of the future carrier air wing’s sophisticated sensor architecture. The aircraft will have an advanced cockpit system with a large-area display for improved user interface, a more powerful computer called the Distributed Targeting Processor Network (DTPN), and a bigger data pipe for passing information known as Tactical Targeting Network Technology (TTNT). TTNT is already a program of record for Growler and E-2D, and DTPN is also fielded on the Growler.
“You have your IRST sensor, you have other sensors in the carrier air wing, you need a big pipe to move that information around, then you need a big computer to be able to fuse all that information together,” Gillian says. “Block 3 Super Hornet needs to be a smart node on the network capable of crunching and passing data across the network to other assets.”
This advanced computing architecture ensures the Super Hornet, Growler and E-2D can talk to each other and pass critical threat data over the same network in combat. However, the F-35 is not on TTNT; rather it uses the smaller-bandwidth Link 16 network to pass and receive data from fourth-generation aircraft.
The result is that while the F-35C can communicate with the rest of the carrier air wing, passing large amounts of data may be more difficult.
While improving fifth-to-fourth generation connectivity is an ongoing discussion, “I think the question is: how does F-35 plug in with everybody else?” Gillian says. “If everybody else is on TTNT, there seems like an obvious answer there.”
The Navy could probably add TTNT to the F-35’s Link 16 functionality, but the fighter cannot broadcast on any Link 16 waveform without compromising its stealth, because Link 16 is not a low-probability-of-intercept waveform. The F-35 can pass large amounts of data to other F-35s via the stealthy Multifunction Advanced Data Link, which most other aircraft cannot currently access.
Another difference between the 2016 and 2013 offerings is that Boeing is offering to deliver a 9,000-hr. airplane straight off the production line, Gillian says. Combined with the company’s ongoing effort to extend the existing Super Hornets to 9,000 hr. from 6,500, this will help the Navy maintain inventory and boost readiness, he says.
Although the Navy has not publicly committed to Block 3, Gillian thinks the service is very interested in the capability.
“I believe there is a general acceptance of the fact that we need to advance the Super Hornet, because it is going to be a front-line fighter [from the] 2020s into the ’40s,” Gillian says. “We believe we have good alignment on the Block 3 Super Hornet systems that address key carrier air wing gaps in a complementary way with the F-35, E-2D and Growler.”
Boeing Proposes Massive New F-18 Upgrades - What Will Keep the Aircraft Flying for Decades to Come?
MICHAEL FABEY
Tuesday at 8:35 PM
A series of advanced technologies are being introduced into what Boeing calls its Block 3. It introduces new sensors suites, range extension and potentially stealthier attributes that Boeing says will make it a perfect companion for the F-35.
A half-decade ago, U.S. Navy communicators were using defense journalists to send a clear message to Boeing: We love our F/A-18 E/Fs, but we’re done buying any more Super Hornets.
Now, that plan has been turned on its head.
Not only is the Navy planning to buy more of its mainstay aircraft, but Boeing is working on upgrades and technology that will not only keep the jets flying into the coming decades, but make them very much a major component of the service’s aerial strategy. And there’s every indication the Navy is on board with such plans for its favorite aviation weapon.
A series of advanced technologies are being introduced into what Boeing calls its Block 3. It introduces new sensors suites, range extension and potentially stealthier attributes that Boeing says will make it a perfect companion for the F-35.
“There will be real complementary capabilities,” Dan Gillian, Boeing F/A-18 and EA-18G Growler programs vice president. told Scout Warrior in an interview. He compared the future Super Hornets with JSS and EA-18G Growler electronic attack and warfare aircraft. “This is what it needs to be viable in the 2020s and 2030s.”
Here’s what Boeing has in mind.
The aircraft will have enhanced network capability with a system that improves computing power (DTP-N), network throughput (TTNT) and integration between the sensor and platform, which will allow large amounts of data on and off the airplane and make F/A-18 a smart node on the network. This also will help It also increase ability to receive targeting information from platforms like the F-35, EA-18G and the E-2D Hawkeye.
The aircraft will have longer range with low-drag, stealthy conformal fuel tanks. The shoulder-mounted tanks can carry 3,500 pounds of fuel and reduce drag, allowing the aircraft to operate longer, go faster, and/or carry more weight.
The Block 3 Super Hornet also will feature long-range detection with Infrared Search & Track (IRST). The long-range sensor can detect and target threats without having to depend on radar, generating a multi-ship, common tactical picture at long range and allowing the Super Hornet to operate as a smart sensor node on the network.
Pilots will be able to manage of the enhanced situational awareness with a new Advanced Cockpit System -- a 10 x 19-inch touchscreen display provides the pilot with the capability to see, track and target multiple long range targets generated by the common tactical picture.
If some of this sounds familiar, that’s because part of the package was what Boeing a year or so ago had called its “Advanced Super Hornet” offering. “We have matured our thinking,” Gillian says. “We’re thinking of how to complement with Naval Integrated Fire Control-Counter Air (NIFC-CA) in the future fight. We’re making the F-18 a smart node on the NIFC-CA network … to contribute and share.”
He adds, “We’re embracing the power of the networked carrier network. With the DTP-N, we’ve got the distributed targeting processor, a big computer that’s a Growler program of record. With TTNT, we’ve got a big data pipe that we’re moving over from Growler and E-2D. The IRST sensor is a key aspect of Block 2, with the AESA it can fuse information. So, we have a big computer and a big data pipe that can move data around.”
“Foremost in our minds are readiness and capacity,” he says.
Boeing is now “tearing apart” the two “learning aircraft” it brought to St. Louis to inspection and “destructive testing” to validate the company’s engineering work on extending aircraft life.
“We have had some great learning about how to do the service life modification program,” Gillian says. “We’ve learned we’re going to have to remove some fuel tanks to do inspection. We have to make sure we have good fuel tank repair and a support supply chain to handle the (future) churn.”
And there was a surprise. “We learned that airplanes that fly a lot for the Navy are in pretty good shape from a corrosion perspective. We knew that airplanes that spent a lot of time not flying have corrosion problems – we see that at Cecil Field.”
These lessons-learned and Super Hornet life-extension work has become of greater importance with the greater need for Navy aviation operations and continual slips in the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF). Indeed, the talk has moved away from how Super Hornets could be used to supplement the JSF squadrons to how the two could complement one another in the coming decades.
Extra-curricular White House discussions aside, a major part of that discussion is being driven by some of the
Right now, though, the emphasis is getting the aircraft the Navy needs now in the air and ready for deployment. Boeing is focusing on addressing the Super Hornet shortfall, Gillian.
To that end, he tells Scout Warrior, the company is addressing readiness issues for existing aircraft and getting ready to meet new Navy orders.
“The Navy is buying additional airplanes,” he said in an interview earlier this month. “We saw in the supplemental budget they were getting up toward 24 in fiscal year 2017.”
But, he notes, Boeing is still working on current modification programs to extend the service lives of the existing 568 aircraft to 9,000 hours from 6,000. Indeed, he says, the plan is to build in a 9,0000-hour- service life to the production line aircraft starting in 2020.
Some of the Boeing investments being made to address the Navy’s Super Hornet needs, he says, include the establishment of production lines in St. Louis and San Antonio as well as the bolstering of spare parts and engineering services, particularly at the Navy facility in Cecil Field, Fla.
The advancements make financial sense, Gillian says. “If they’re going to buy airplanes to address capacity, why not move to Block 3? It’s only a couple of million dollars more (per aircraft.)”
Boeing can also upgrade some Block 2 Super Hornets into Block 3s, he says.
Then the Navy would have more Super Hornets that can operate in a more complementary fashion with JSFs, or vice versa. And that appears to be what the Navy has in mind.
During some of the JSF carrier testing, for example, Navy officials have made it clear they would need a mix of F-35s, F-18s and EA-18-Gs to really make future naval aviation work.
Navy officials have talked about using discernible waves of different aircraft, especially given the stealthier nature of the F-35s compared to the existing Super Hornets.
But tactical thinking appears to be changing.
“I would state it a bit differently,” Gillian says. “There must be a balanced approach to survivability at the carrier wing level. You need a Growler for everybody. The threat has moved from the X-band to full spectrum. Traditional stealth needs support.”
He says, “You have a super-stealthy airplane in the F-35 for boutique missions. And you have a stealthy airplane in the Super Hornet and with the conformal tanks you now have comparable range in any load. Now the air wing has flexibility.”
If the F-35s need to do strike missions against a particular target, the Super Hornets can provide air cover and air superiority, he says. “But if you need to take in a Harpoon, you can use the Super Hornet and the F-35 can provide overflight and air cover. You have true flexibility to do mission planning.”
Navy F/A-18s face persistent oxygen issue
- 30 MARCH, 2017
- SOURCE: FLIGHTGLOBAL.COM
- BY: LEIGH GIANGRECO
- WASHINGTON DC
The US Navy is still struggling to find the root cause of the hypoxia issue plaguing the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and E/A-18G Growler, service leadership told House Armed Services Committee members this week. The service’s Boeing F/A-18s are experiencing a dangerous crew cabin pressure issue, while the newer variants may have possible oxygen contamination.
Since 2010, the Navy has directed pilots to report possible symptoms that could be related to the Super Hornet’s onboard oxygen generation systems (OBOGS) and environmental control system (ECS). Lawmakers expected hypoxia rates to increase once pilots became aware of the issue, but were still surprised at the uptick in physiological events. The F/A-18A through D models saw a 90% increase in physiological episodes (PEs) in Fiscal 2016 compared to 2015, while the E and F models saw an 11% increase in the same period. Meanwhile, the EA-18G Growler doubled its number of PEs during that same time, according to information delivered to Congress by the navy.
Over the last year, the Navy has developed protocols to review each ECS component on a malfunctioning F/A-18, Director of navy tactical aircraft Rear Adm Michael Moran told lawmakers during a 28 March hearing. Some aircraft with persistent problems were transferred to Naval Air Station Patuxent River for further inspection, he says. The Navy has determined that rather than repair valves and switches as they fail, the service will replace parts for the legacy Super Hornets on a schedule now known as the ECS reset.
The US Navy is also taking part in an investigation into an air contamination incident on an Australian Air Force F/A-18. During that incident, both the pilot and ground crews who sat in the aircraft’s cockpit and breathed air from the system experienced dizziness and degraded cognitive ability for a half hour. The navy suspects lubricants and engine fluids might have seeped into the oxygen generation system, though the process is not fully understood.
The Navy observed a grease lubricant on the nose wheel well contributed the most contamination and has since told the service to control the amount of grease applied to the wheels, Moran says. That’s a potential cause, but the navy did not see enough numbers of incidents to identify its effects on humans, he adds.
“Also for that process there’s fluid for the radar cooling and so there’s a discharge port that basically could release some contaminants into the engine, because the engine is ingesting air all around the airplane,” he says. “We’re looking really hard at everything possible the engine could ingest and contaminate the air we’re breathing.”
The Navy still isn’t sure why the Growler experienced a higher PE event rate over other F/A-18 variants, though Moran points out the EA-18G’s electronics put a greater strain on the ECS system. Boeing will examine one of the Growler’s ECS systems and the Navy has already changed a restrictor plate on the aircraft to increase the airflow to the avionics that helps control its pressurisation issues, Moran says.
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"Boeing Co. envisions future versions of the U.S. F/A-18E/F Super Hornet tracking stealth aircraft by their heat signatures."
Future Super Hornets Will See Through Stealth, Boeing Says
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