China is on the rise, and is a a great to watch it rise. However let's not kid ourselves with the adoration of China's rise as a economic and military superpower. China's rise on the world stage means an inevitable clash between itself and the old superpower, America. As it the world has already witnessed, America is fighting to keep it's status as the world's pre-imminent superpower. America's status as a "Ruling State," which by definition means America can impose it's will on other countries, unchallenged. This status is now eroding fast, with Russia rising from the ashes of the bogus Soviet Union, like a Phoenix, and China's rise on the world stage as a superpower.
Both Russia and China seek a "multi-polar" world, which in essence is a world without a hegemon.
In order for China and Russia to truly realize the might and power of their militaries. They require allies, not some token agreements or loose alliances. Rather the formation of a bloc of countries which are stable, economically robust and politically bulletproof. These nations can and should be in a formal and stipulated alliance with both Russia and China. Not just economic alliance, but also military alliance, ironclad. If you pick up the map of the world today and correlate the political unrest around the world today in various countries. You will see that Russia's and China's list to choose allies from, is growing smaller by the day. And this does not bode well for either China or Russia.
You can have the largest navy in the world with 20 aircraft carriers and 6000 nukes. But if you don't have allies who are lock 'n' step with you in a fight to the finish against you adversaries. Then I am sorry, but such a power state would see it's demise faster than quicksand. Having a large navy has no impact against an enemy which has Japan and South Korea as it's allies, at China and Russia's doorstep. As their combined effort in the event of a war, is what would tip the scales of the old wood-board superpower, America.
Wholly disagree.
Russia's motivations for increasing its own political influence are Eurocentric. As long as there are no threats to the rule of Russian elites while central Asia and Siberia have stable borders with cooperative neighbours, they are entirely focused on trying to integrate with Europe, without diminishing sovereignty over their traditional spheres of influence. This is in contrast to China which I suspect have political leaders who actually have ambitions to reclaim China's former status. Think favourable trade conditions, not tributary states. Russians would be more than happy to trade their current position for a politically and economically balanced Europe. The US will not allow this because the Russians hold plenty more chips to play with - natural resources in land, rare earths, energy, and various desirable materials. China's fine with huge labour resources. Both would love it if the US really just went into isolation like Trump seems to want to steer them towards.
Allies are remarkably cheap. They come and go and none can be trusted. Both Russia and China have had their traditional "allies" stab them in the back in the last few hundred years... Chinese lessons in these regards go back a fair while. Look how easy it's been for the Western elites to manipulate Pakistani attitudes towards China in recent years. Despite all the time, money, and efforts put in to assist Pakistan wherever and whenever suitable, already we are seeing popular opinion shift away from the usual pro-China tone. Allies can be easy come, easy go. China and Russia both know allies for them are more a consequence of convenience rather than some sort of genetic bond e.g. UK and Australia or even a religious bond.
Of course Pakistan is still China's most reliable partner and will remain for many more years if not far more. Even if popular opinion becomes so overwhelmingly negative, political and economic leaders are usually shrewd, intelligent, and rational individuals. China's wanted this relationship and built towards it since the 60s and the dynamic is structured to have both groups being mutually reliant on the other for various interests.
Instead, if China wants to improve its global status, it must play rules of the game to its favour just like how the early Communists eventually adapted and outplayed the capitalists in their home field. Understanding yourself and understanding the enemy. You're also wrong about the bold section. I can make a case for the opposite being true. First of all, industrialised nations are not improving at the same rate as the developing world. Opportunity exist in abundance. This list for Russia and China is growing and these people are showing increasing promise
because they have so much catching up to do. Once these societies and markets develop in their own way, without capitulating to the Washington Consensus, they may end up favouring the China approach to superpower rule. Even then, UK is actually surprisingly supportive of China in many less than obvious ways if you look hard enough. If it weren't for US pressure, they may be as overall neutral towards China as Germany and France currently are. China and Russia are both very interested in a Europe free from American hegemony. Same goes with Japan and South Korea re China but this all really depends on North Korean relations.
Already the US notices what the game is about. Pity their current president seems a bit lost (but this is great for China). Trade war results are still not in but may not end up in their favour at all. China's found plenty of ways to dodge many shots. Hint, most "made in Vietnam" and "made in Indonesia" is 1% in those countries by origin and 99% China. This is an old trick indeed though. The biggest way the US has not won anything through this is because they have not regained their manufacturing. That's the real indicator.
But they're in action. They've gone all in on propaganda like they have against the Soviets and the Russians in the past. They are pushing the pressure points; internal stability, CCP legitimacy, HK dissident, Taiwan independence conversation, Uighur cultural assassination -> relations with non-secular Islamic nations. These branch out FAR and WIDE and I'm sure I don't need to write another essay summarising that game. They will avoid a war because they cannot win one. Proxy is difficult since non of China's neighbours, not even India will want to fight a war for another's gain. Non of our neighbours have politicians who are are corrupt and stupid enough to go THAT far. The only tool they have is propaganda and economics. Both of which are tried and tested. Trade is the greatest US weapon if you look at 20th century history. But it's also one of China's specialties.