I can answer this question with much authority. You've partly answered your own question actually. The island has four primary purposes. Location of sensors i.e radars, navigational sensors etc, you have the bridge, the pri-fly and in on nuclear power carriers the funnel and exhaust venting system to clear the smokes etc... and actually a good vantage point IS crucial!
What you suggest is thereotically possible however all the towers, antennas etc potruding out of the deck would make it very cluttered and doesn't really save much real estate so might as well go with an island where everything can be centralized and extended from.
Also I think you always need that human eye in the sky both in the bridge and the pri fly to direct traffic and assess deck handling and operations. A camera no matter how good can't replace a human eye and definitely can't be a substitute for situational awareness.
On non conventional carriers there is also the issue of smoke. If you have everything 'flat' that means the stack is flush with either the deck or of the side. This would cause major issues since the smoke would get in the way especially if the wind blows the wrong way not just in terms of visibility but it's hot!! and the area where the vent comes out from would be non use anyway so either way you're still losing real estate. If you vent them to the aft then what happens on landing? the last thing a pilot wants to see when landing on a flat top is a big cloud of smoke right in front of him!!!
Last but not least what if there are technical issues with the cameras? You're basically mission killed if you can drive the ship and launch aircrafts! It doesn't even have to be anything serious. Something as trivial as a couple of seagulls doing business on the camera lenses or housing would basically put the entire carrier at risk!
Driving a carrier with just cameras is like flying a drone. Can it be done?? sure.. can you fly and navigate a drone? obviously!
Can you knifefight in a drone against another fighter piloted by a human being inside the cockpit and win? NO WAY!
Ah, the cult of the eyeball thrives still.