Sensors, fusion, networking, situational awareness, weapons, ECM are the most impactful determinants of overall net capability/competitiveness for any two modern fighter aircraft of the same generation.
J-16 and J-10C most certainly are in the same generation with access to the same scope of subsystems that the Chinese aerospace industry can offer, and uses many of the same key weapons systems.
So it's entirely reasonable that J-16s and J-10Cs and are evenly matched in many domains, assuming any DACT they do is on "equal" rules of engagement.
From there the only differences are physical and monetary; range, payload, number of crew onboard and cost of procurement and maintenance -- but in small scale (1v1, 2v2 or even 4v4) DACT, those factors would be far less important anyhow.
Beyond DACT ROEs though, it get's a lot more complicated e.g. A fighter group with greater range has the ability to dictate where/when the engagement takes place, which can severely reduce the effectiveness of the opponent, even if they have the same avionics/weapons. This can force the side with the shorter-range to attack first and seize the initiative, they have to disrupt the enemy before it sets up... (I'm basically just describing the situation of the PAF vs IAF right now lolz.)
It's no different than oldschool cavalry tactics, but in 3D instead of 2D... Mobility determines the ability to close, withdraw, and flank at will. It's this ability which the shorter-range side has to disrupt somehow. All of this needs to happen before the engagement/DACT starts, and that setup determines the probability/odds of the engagement.