I agree with your overall sentiment, but just a point of contention, no way it will take 30-40 years, even if from scratch...
A complete grounds up tech eco-system can more or less happen in 10 years if China sets it as its "before the end of this decade" sort of project...
Not sure how legit this WIRED story is, could be just like the Bloomberg Supermicro fake news... but China would be crazy not to use all means available to it to catch up...
I don't think China is still serious about "let's make a new eco-system" project. The Chinese elites fundamentally still believe they will be accepted by the west if they somehow modify their behavior, give up on core issues (many willing to give up Taiwan/Hong Kong and so forth). Many believe in a so called "rule based world order" even within the party leadership.
So, you can say they drank the cool-aid of the western globalist/universal values theory. They still hope whatever Trump is doing is not serious/ somehow Trump will stop escalation/ US public will be pragmatic. So, in a sense, they think American society and national psyche are similar to theirs, which is not true.
Just because China and Chinese people are extremely pragmatic and focused on money making, doesn't mean America and the west will be the same.
When Chinese people look at tech eco-system, they think about efficiency. They look at American tech eco-system and think if I use it I will save money, why go the extra effort?
Even during the height of anti-China feeling in the US, many Chinese companies are still trying to do a US IPO. Many Chinese companies still anounce that they will launch a new product in the US such as a Chinese car or a phone. Again, anyone who understands the American mood right now would never do such things. But the Chinese do anyway, because they are still hoping that Americans will focus on money making over preserving their dominance.
If China was really thinking in realist terms, they would never allow Chinese companies to go for global expansion while using Google Playstore/Gmail/Google eco-system. Even if it was painful, they would focus on making their own eco-system. But they never thought like, they thought about maximum efficiency and Google/US chip tech provided that.
Even now after all the sanctions and bans, why is China not dictating that if a US company does not sell to Huawei, it cannot sell to any other Chinese company. How about a different policy such as, all Chinese companies selling phones or laptops must have Chinese developed OS and services.
Or how about a pressuring all the Chinese phone makers to work together to come with a single app store and a single email and map and phone OS? Nope. Everyone is trying to do their own thing and failing.
That's why I am saying it will take 30-40 years. China will never commit to a strong self-reliance policy. They will do it bit by bit. It will be american bans that will force them to change and those bans will come on slowly.