News on China's scientific and technological development.

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Shanghai metro to introduce QR code payment on all lines
Xinhua| 2018-01-16 17:36:51
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Shanghai metro will allow QR code payment in the whole subway network from Jan. 20, the metro's operator Shanghai Shentong Metro Group announced Tuesday.

With QR code readers being installed at all the 389 metro stations, passengers can pay their tickets via Alipay or China UnionPay simply by scanning the QR code after downloading a mobile app, the company said.

"QR codes have fundamentally changed people's daily life in China. It's the right time to roll out the new payment method, making riding the Shanghai metro more convenient," said Jin Tao, an executive with Shanghai metro information management center.

Previously, QR code payment has been launched in cities such as Beijing and Hangzhou to allow passengers a quicker entry and exit process.

Jin told Xinhua that unlike traditional online payment, the Shanghai metro has adopted innovative technology that can function without Internet connection, taking only half a second to pass through the turnstile.

To encourage passengers to try the new payment method, the Shanghai metro will offer discounts on fares between Jan. 20 and Feb. 28.

Currently, Shanghai has the world's longest metro network of 666 kilometers. Before spreading the QR payment service to all lines, Shanghai piloted it at two stations on the maglev line last October.
 

Hendrik_2000

Lieutenant General
Wow what a EV concept car
The Enverge is a deadly looking electric car from a
company you’ve never heard of


GAC says it’s primed to enter the US market by 2019
By
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Jan 15, 2018, 4:33pm EST
Photography by Sean O’Kane

detroit_auto_show_2018_gac_concept_6873.0.jpg

You probably haven’t heard of GAC, the Chinese automaker with
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. At the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, GAC is seeking to up its profile in advance of its 2019 US launch with — what else? — an eye-catching, futuristic, mostly irrational electric car concept.
The Enverge certainly attracted a lot of attention here in Detroit with its gull-wing doors, “floating” digital dash-screen, and alleged range of 370 miles on a single charge. That would place it over the Tesla Model 3, which is, of course, a real car and not a concept like this. GAC also unveiled the GA4 midsize sedan that will go on sale in China later this month.

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And now Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder is taking photos with executives for Chinese automaker GAC at the Detroit auto show. GAC just said it plans to sell vehicles in the U.S. by the fourth quarter of 2019.
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The fact that GAC’s booth is right across from GMC’s probably isn’t doing it any favors in terms of name recognition. That said, it wouldn’t be fair to lump GAC with other Chinese companies with electric car concepts like
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and
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. For one, GAC is an established automaker with the ability to manufacture hundreds of thousands of automobiles at scale. GAC sold just over 500,000 automobiles in China last year, up 37 percent from 2016. A subsidiary of the Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group, the company is the fifth largest producer of passenger cars among Chinese automakers.


The company says it is negotiating with partner Fiat Chrysler about the possible distribution of vehicles in the US.

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Equation

Lieutenant General
China Winning Artificial Intelligence War Against U.S.
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Nicole Goodkind
,
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January 15, 2018


Chinese artificial intelligence is now capable of outperforming humans in reading comprehension.

A neural network model created by Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba beat its flesh-and-blood competition on a 100,000-question Stanford University test that's considered the world’s top measure of machine reading. The model, developed by Alibaba’s Institute of Data Science of Technologies, scored 82.44, while humans scored a 82.304.

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Microsoft’s artificial intelligence also beat humans, scoring 82.65 on the exam. But its results came in a day after Alibaba’s, meaning China holds the title as first country to create automation that outranks humans in written language comprehension.

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“It is our great honor to witness the milestone where machines surpass humans in reading comprehension,” said Luo Si, chief scientist for natural language processing at the Alibaba institute. “That means objective questions such as ‘what causes rain’ can now be answered with high accuracy by machines."

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Artificial Intelligence can officially comprehend language better than humans. Getty Images '>Artificial Intelligence can officially comprehend language better than humans.Getty Images

China has made it a national imperative to become the world leader in artificial intelligence by 2030. Earlier this year, the Chinese State Council released their "
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," encouraging companies like Alibaba, Tencent Holdings and Baidu to work toward developing automation that can read, write and drive cars. Beijing believes that these developments are the key to global economic domination and national security.

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Investors in the United States are also pouring money into robotics and automation. But in terms of investment and governmental support,
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.

Alibaba’s latest network attempts to recreate natural human language to comprehend both single words and full sentences. Stanford’s exam, based on more than 500-Wikipedia articles, asks the machines to take in a large amount of information then answer precise questions about the details.

The idea is to use these machines for social media and direct advertising. But experts believe such technology can also analyze complex social and political issues, like conflict over limited resources and disagreement over policy. It’s possible, in other words, to imagine a world where politicians from opposing parties use AI to create perfectly negotiated and compromised bills.

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For now, though, the neural network models will be used in a customer-service capacity.

"The technology underneath can be gradually applied to numerous applications such as customer service, museum tutorials and online responses to medical inquiries from patients, decreasing the need for human input in an unprecedented way,” Luo said.

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ahho

Junior Member
now I read
Shanghai metro to introduce QR code payment on all lines
Xinhua| 2018-01-16 17:36:51
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This is quite awesome. Guangzhou metro have already implemented this. You can either buy a ticket online before going to the station or a friend or family can buy a a ticket for you and send the QR code through webchat application. Save you the time to get change or waiting in line in front of the vending machine.

I am wondering when Android pay come out with QR code. The reason Chinese e-payment is so popular is because the small vendor (like peddler and small stores) does not have to invest into expensive equipment.
 

Hendrik_2000

Lieutenant General
Via Legend from pakdef

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A figure from the letter shows how the Micius satellite transfers quantum keys across vast distances.

China has the quantum technology to perfectly encrypt useful signals over distances far vaster than anyone has ever accomplished, spanning Europe and Asia, according to a stunning new research letter.

Bits of information, or signals, pass through people's houses, the skies overhead and the flesh of human bodies every second of every day. They're television signals and radio, as well as private phone calls and data files.

Some of these signals are public, but most are private — encrypted with long strings of numbers known (presumably) only to the senders and receivers. Those keys are powerful enough to keep the secrets of modern society: flirty text messages, bank-account numbers and the passwords to covert databases. But they're brittle. A sufficiently determined person, wielding a
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, could break them.

"Historically, every advance in cryptography has been defeated by advances in cracking technology," Jian-Wei Pan, a researcher at the University of Science and Technology of China and author on this research letter, wrote in an email. "Quantum key distribution ends this battle."

Quantum keys are long strings of numbers — keys for opening encrypted files just like the ones used in modern computers — but they're encoded in the physical states of quantum particles. That means they are protected not only by the limits of computers but the laws of physics.

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cannot be copied. They can encrypt transmissions between otherwise classical computers. And no one can steal them — a law of quantum mechanics states that once a subatomic particle is observed, poof, it's altered — without alerting the sender and receiver to the dirty trick. [
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]

And now, according to a new letter due for publication today (Jan. 19) in the journal Physical Review Letters, quantum keys can travel via satellite, encrypting messages sent between cities thousands of miles apart.

The researchers quantum-encrypted images by encoding them as strings of numbers based on the quantum states of photons and sent them across distances of up to 4,722 miles (7,600 kilometers) between Beijing and Vienna — shattering
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of 251 miles (404 km), also set in China. Then, for good measure, on Sept. 29, 2017, they held a 75-minute videoconference between researchers in the two cities, also encrypted via quantum key. (This videoconference was
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, but the full details of the experiment were reported in this new letter.)

The satellite
This long-distance quantum-key distribution is yet another achievement of the Chinese satellite Micius, which was responsible for smashing a number of quantum-networking records in 2017. Micius is a powerful photon relay and detector.
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, it uses its fine lasers and detectors to send and receive packets of quantum information — basically, information about the quantum state of a photon — across vast stretches of space and atmosphere.

"Micius is the brightest star in the sky when it is passing over the station," Pan wrote to Live Science. "The star is [as] green as the beacon laser [that Micius uses to aim photons at the ground]. If there is some dust in the air, you will [also] see a red light line pointing to the satellite. No sound comes from space. Maybe there are some raised by the movement of the ground station."

Just about any time Micius does anything, it blows previous records out of the water. That's because previous quantum networks have relied on passing photons around on the ground, using the air between buildings or fiber optic cables. And there are limits to line-of-sight on the ground, or how far a fiber-optic cable will transfer a photon without losing it.

In June 2017, Micius researchers announced that they had sent two "
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" photons to ground stations 745 miles (1,200 km) apart. (When a pair of photons gets entangled, they affect each other even when separated by large distances.) A month later, in July, they announced that they had
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a packet of quantum information 870 miles (1,400 km) from Tibet into orbit, meaning the quantum state of a particle had been beamed directly from a particle on the ground to its twin in space.

Both of these achievements were major steps on the road to real-world quantum-key-encrypted networks.

The new letter announces that the theory has been put into action.

Micius first encrypted two photos, a small image of the Micius satellite itself, then a photo of the early quantum physicist Erwin
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. Then it encrypted that long video call. No similar act of quantum-key distribution has ever been achieved over that kind of distance.

Already, Pan said, Micius is ready to use to encrypt more important information.

How does a quantum key work?
Quantum-key distribution is essentially a creative application of the so-called Heisenberg's
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, one of the foundational principles of quantum mechanics. As Live Science has previously
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, the uncertainty principle states that it's impossible to fully know the quantum state of a particle — and, crucially, that in observing part of that state, a detector forever wipes out the other relevant information that particle contains.

That principle turns out to be very useful for encoding information. As the Belgian cryptographer Gilles Van Assche wrote in his 2006 book "
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," a sender and receiver can use the quantum states of particles to generate strings of numbers. A computer can then use those strings to encrypt some bit of information, like a video or a text, which it then sends over a classical relay like the internet connection you're using to read this article.

But it doesn't send the encryption key over that relay. Instead, it sends those particles across a separate quantum network, Van Assche wrote.

In the case of Micius, that means sending photons, one at a time, through the atmosphere. The receiver can then read the quantum states of those photons to determine the quantum key and use that key to decrypt the classical message. [
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]

If anyone else tried to intercept that message, though, they would leave telltale signs — missing packets of the key that never made it to the sender.

Of course, no network is perfect, especially not one based on shooting information for individual photos across miles of space. As the Micius researchers wrote, the networks typically loses 1 or 2 percent of their key on a clear day. But that's well within what Micius and the base station can work together to edit out of the key, using some fancy mathematics. Even if an attacker did intercept and wreck a much larger chunk of the transmission, whatever they didn't catch would still be clean — shorter, but perfectly secure enough to encrypt transmissions in a pinch. [
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]

The connection between Micius and Earth isn't perfectly secure yet, however. As the team of Chinese and Austrian authors wrote, the flaw in the network design is the satellite itself. Right now, base stations in each linked city receive different quantum keys from the satellite, which are multiplied together and then disentangled. That system works fine, as long as the communicators trust that no secret squad of nefarious astronauts has broken into Micius itself to read the quantum key at the source. The next step toward truly perfect security, they wrote, is to distribute quantum keys from satellites via entangled photons — keys the satellites would manufacture and distribute, but never themselves be able to read.

In time, the researchers wrote, they plan to launch more quantum satellites into higher orbits — satellites that will communicate with one another and with researchers on Earth in ever-more-complex webs.

This slowly spreading, ever-more-practical quantum network will first be built for China and Europe, they wrote, "and then on a global scale."

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now I read
Details of China's long-range, quantum-secured "unhackable" messaging revealed
Xinhua| 2018-01-20 01:42:58
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A joint China-Austria team performed an intercontinental videoconference by the "unhackable" quantum-secured real-world communication last year.

Technical details of this tour de force was published in Physical Review Letters on Friday.

Researchers from two countries have performed quantum key distribution between China's quantum-science satellite Micius and ground stations located in Xinglong County near Beijing and Graz near Vienna.

Micius, the world's first quantum satellite, which was launched in August 2016, was designed to test the quantum key distribution -- a technology that is unlike the traditional cryptography and uses single photons in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional security between distant parties.

Researcher managed to embed the key in photons and sent ahead of the encrypted message. This method is called quantum key distribution.

The communication is "unhackable" as any attempt to intercept the key would be known immediately both to the sender and the intended recipient. It is because the photons are "superposed."

The superposition states is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics, stating that, much like waves in classical physics, any two or more quantum states can be added together.

However, previously, the quantum communication distance had been limited to a few hundred kilometers, due to the optical channel losses of fibers or terrestrial free space.

Satellite and space-based link can conveniently connect two remote places on the Earth, with greatly reduced channel loss.

Scientists, led by Pan Jianwei of University of Science and Technology of China, used the satellite as a trusted relay to create a secret key between China and Europe at locations separated up to 7,600 kilometers on the Earth, a step closer towards a global space-based quantum internet, according to the paper.

These keys are then used for intercontinental quantum-secured real-world communication, such as the transmission of images through a one-time-pad technique between China and Austria, and of a video conference with a protocol that refreshed the 128-bit seed keys every second.

The videoconference lasted for 75 minutes with a total data transmission of 2 gigabits, the paper shows.
 
now sure of the right thread for this, so I'll put it here:
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Le radar de suivi et de contrôle de Korla. Bande L, portée > 1 500 km, rotatif mécaniquement.

Translated from French by
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The radar tracking and control of Korla. Band L, scope > 1500 km, rotating mechanically.

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Hendrik_2000

Lieutenant General
Must be missile tracking Korla is the site of Chinese missile testing ground. Anyway another news Via onebyone
Chinese enterprise builds world's largest single-unit solar power plant in Morocco
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Power Construction Corporation of China, one of the country’s largest hydro and thermal power project providers, said on Wednesday via its WeChat account that it has completed the second phase of a solar plant with world’s largest single-unit capacity in Morocco.


“The phase II project was completed on Jan. 10. With this clean energy technology, Morocco is expected to grow from an energy-poor country to an energy-rich one. This project is the result of our sincerity and long-term dedication,” the company said.

The second phase of the project will have an installed capacity of 200 megawatts, and the whole solar plant will have a total installed capacity of 510 megawatts once it is completely finished.

Morocco gets long hours of sunlight a year, but as a country with poor fossil fuel reserves, it has to spend $6 billion on electricity imports per year.

The Noor Solar Complex will play a key role in Morocco’s ambitious solar energy development program, which aims to expand solar power to half of the country’s total power projects by 2030.

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The project will satisfy the electricity need of over a million households, and cut 760,000 tons of carbon emissions per year.

The project has created nearly 4,000 jobs for locals. A local construction worker, who has worked on the project for more than one year, said the Chinese workers have helped him to improve his skills. “By following them, I have not only mastered skills, but also gained new ones,” the young man said.


The project is also hailed by foreign experts as a great work, because it has created a longer industry chain. The Guardian said it will light up Africa’s path of clean energy development.

The State-owned enterprise signed an engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract for phases II-III of the project with the Moroccan government in 2015. EPC contracts are a common form of contracting in the construction industry.

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