I'm going to try to remember to not post more on 2024 phone sales, but here is some interesting breakdowns through various charts. The general outline is pretty obvious here. Huawei and Xiaomi really gaining and Apple is falling.
News on China's scientific and technological development.
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I'm going to try to remember to not post more on 2024 phone sales, but here is some interesting breakdowns through various charts. The general outline is pretty obvious here. Huawei and Xiaomi really gaining and Apple is falling.
Similar to what happened with mobile phones, drones, and electric vehicles, Chinese companies entered the robot vacuum market and rapidly achieved market dominance with their superior technology and quality. They are now coming out with new innovations like a robot arm that can move obstacles out of the way and the ability to climb small steps. Every single company mentioned in this video is Chinese:
iRobot (makers of Roomba) is what Tesla is going to become in the future: enjoyed a first mover monopoly until they were relegated to irrelevance by Chinese companies.
iRobot (makers of Roomba) is what Tesla is going to become in the future: enjoyed a first mover monopoly until they were relegated to irrelevance by Chinese companies.
Yet another improvement by Chinese scientists to the optical tweezers, a single beam of laser to spin nano scale objects in all directions in 3D.
近日，我校光学与光学工程系龚雷副教授课题组与新加坡国立大学仇成伟教授开展合作，研制出一种新型光学微操控工具——单光束“三维光学扳手”。这种光学扳手能够利用单个聚焦的激光光束对微粒（如细胞）施加三维可控的光力矩（Optical torque），从而实现微观粒子动态可控的三维旋转操控，极大拓展了光镊技术的操控功能。相关研究成果于2025年1月11日以“Time-varying 3D optical torque via a single beam”为题在线发表于国际学术期刊《自然·通讯》[Nature Communications 16: 593 (2025)]。
光镊，又被称为“单光束梯度力阱”，是美国科学家阿瑟·阿什金（Arthur Ashkin）于1986年发明的一种激光工具。科学家利用它能够抓取和操纵单个分子、病毒、细胞等微观世界的物体。光镊由此成为人类研究微观世界的重要操控工具，阿什金也因此获得了2018年诺贝尔物理学奖。光镊本质上是利用光的动量传递对微粒施加光力实现三维操控的。光既具有动量也能携带角动量，在与微粒相互作用时光的角动量传递能够产生光扭矩，进而驱动微粒旋转运动。例如，携带自旋角动量的聚集激光光束不仅能够施加光力捕获微粒，还会对物体施加旋转的扭矩，就像一个扳手在扳动物体一样，因而被形象地称为一种 “光学扳手”。这种光学扳手极大地拓展了光镊的操控功能，使其不仅能平移而且能旋转微粒。然而，这种光学扳手施加旋转扭矩的方向十分局限，一般仅沿着光轴方向，主要是因为光的自旋角动量方向通常被光轴方向锁定。为突破该局限性，2022年物理学家Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop团队通过左右旋光束的对称叠加实现了横向自旋及横向力矩[Nat. Photonics 16, 346–351 (2022)]，进而驱动微粒横轴转动（Fig. 1a）。但目前光学扳手的旋转操控仍局限于一维固定轴，无法实现微粒的三维旋转操控。
为解决该问题，研究团队深入研究聚焦光场三维自旋角动量的定量调控方法及其光扭矩效应，理论推导聚焦光场自旋角动量与入射光场局部偏振螺旋度的定量方程，并提出了通过单个调制光束实现时变三维光扭矩的技术方案（Fig. 1b）。这种调制的激光光束能够施加任意方向的旋转扭矩，进而操控微粒在不同时间沿着指定三维转轴做连续旋转运动（Fig. 1c），被称为“三维光学扳手”。团队还利用该技术实现了活体细胞的三维旋转操控。该技术实现了激光对微粒的全自由度操控，将光镊对微粒的三维平移操控拓展到三维平移与转动同时操控。光镊新的操控功能有望在细胞三维层析、光学传感、微机器人等领域激发新的应用。
中国科大光学与光学工程系博士生吴一京为论文第一作者，中国科大龚雷副教授和新加坡国立大学仇成伟教授为论文的通讯作者。上述研究得到了国家自然科学基金、安徽省自然科学基金和唐仲英基金会的资助。
近日，我校光学与光学工程系龚雷副教授课题组与新加坡国立大学仇成伟教授开展合作，研制出一种新型光学微操控工具——单光束“三维光学扳手”。这种光学扳手能够利用单个聚焦的激光光束对微粒（如细胞）施加三维可控的光力矩（Optical torque），从而实现微观粒子动态可控的三维旋转操控，极大拓展了光镊技术的操控功能。相关研究成果于2025年1月11日以“Time-varying 3D optical torque via a single beam”为题在线发表于国际学术期刊《自然·通讯》[Nature Communications 16: 593 (2025)]。
光镊，又被称为“单光束梯度力阱”，是美国科学家阿瑟·阿什金（Arthur Ashkin）于1986年发明的一种激光工具。科学家利用它能够抓取和操纵单个分子、病毒、细胞等微观世界的物体。光镊由此成为人类研究微观世界的重要操控工具，阿什金也因此获得了2018年诺贝尔物理学奖。光镊本质上是利用光的动量传递对微粒施加光力实现三维操控的。光既具有动量也能携带角动量，在与微粒相互作用时光的角动量传递能够产生光扭矩，进而驱动微粒旋转运动。例如，携带自旋角动量的聚集激光光束不仅能够施加光力捕获微粒，还会对物体施加旋转的扭矩，就像一个扳手在扳动物体一样，因而被形象地称为一种 “光学扳手”。这种光学扳手极大地拓展了光镊的操控功能，使其不仅能平移而且能旋转微粒。然而，这种光学扳手施加旋转扭矩的方向十分局限，一般仅沿着光轴方向，主要是因为光的自旋角动量方向通常被光轴方向锁定。为突破该局限性，2022年物理学家Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop团队通过左右旋光束的对称叠加实现了横向自旋及横向力矩[Nat. Photonics 16, 346–351 (2022)]，进而驱动微粒横轴转动（Fig. 1a）。但目前光学扳手的旋转操控仍局限于一维固定轴，无法实现微粒的三维旋转操控。
为解决该问题，研究团队深入研究聚焦光场三维自旋角动量的定量调控方法及其光扭矩效应，理论推导聚焦光场自旋角动量与入射光场局部偏振螺旋度的定量方程，并提出了通过单个调制光束实现时变三维光扭矩的技术方案（Fig. 1b）。这种调制的激光光束能够施加任意方向的旋转扭矩，进而操控微粒在不同时间沿着指定三维转轴做连续旋转运动（Fig. 1c），被称为“三维光学扳手”。团队还利用该技术实现了活体细胞的三维旋转操控。该技术实现了激光对微粒的全自由度操控，将光镊对微粒的三维平移操控拓展到三维平移与转动同时操控。光镊新的操控功能有望在细胞三维层析、光学传感、微机器人等领域激发新的应用。
中国科大光学与光学工程系博士生吴一京为论文第一作者，中国科大龚雷副教授和新加坡国立大学仇成伟教授为论文的通讯作者。上述研究得到了国家自然科学基金、安徽省自然科学基金和唐仲英基金会的资助。
Chinese scientists modified E coli. to create a system of photosynthesis in the germ. The modified bacteria can turn CO2 into compounds such as acetone, malic acid and a-Ketoglutaric acid.
中南林业科技大学教授刘高强团队联合江南大学教授刘立明团队成功在大肠杆菌中构建人工光合系统（人工叶绿体）。这是科学家首次在非光合微生物体内构建全新的人工光合系统。
在此基础上，科研团队在大肠杆菌里设计了类似小程序的能量适配器，让该光合系统能被编程为3种模式，使大肠杆菌可以利用光能和二氧化碳等一碳底物合成丙酮、苹果酸和α-酮戊二酸3种产品，并实现产品生产的负碳足迹。日前，相关研究成果发表于《自然-通讯》。
中南林业科技大学教授刘高强团队联合江南大学教授刘立明团队成功在大肠杆菌中构建人工光合系统（人工叶绿体）。这是科学家首次在非光合微生物体内构建全新的人工光合系统。
在此基础上，科研团队在大肠杆菌里设计了类似小程序的能量适配器，让该光合系统能被编程为3种模式，使大肠杆菌可以利用光能和二氧化碳等一碳底物合成丙酮、苹果酸和α-酮戊二酸3种产品，并实现产品生产的负碳足迹。日前，相关研究成果发表于《自然-通讯》。
The first domestically produced continuous low-temperature pellet injection system was successfully developed
Cryogenic pellet injection is a feeding technology that uses cryogenic technology to condense hydrogen isotope gas into solid ice pellets and accelerates the injection into plasma. This technology has the advantages of deep particle injection and high feeding efficiency, and has been fully demonstrated in major international tokamak devices. The next generation of fusion reactors such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) and the European Fusion Demonstration Reactor (EU-DEMO) all list pellet injection as a key technical means for core feeding. However, this technology has been monopolized by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States and the Russian Perlin Company. Currently, most of the pellet injection feeding systems in the world come from these two units.
In order to solve the "bottleneck" problem and support the development of the domestic fusion industry, the vacuum team of the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Wanrui Cold Electric Technology Co., Ltd. formed a joint team to tackle core technologies such as ice making, cutting and acceleration. After nearly a year of research and development and process exploration, the key technologies of projectile preparation and acceleration were mastered, and the first projectile injection system that can operate in a steady state was successfully developed. After testing, the system can launch projectiles with a size of up to 12mm3/round, the launch frequency is adjustable in the range of 1-10Hz, and the maximum projectile launch speed is greater than 300m/s, and the performance has reached the level of similar products in the world. Recently, the system passed the factory test and acceptance at one time under the witness of senior experts from Hefei University of Technology and University of Science and Technology of China.
The successful development of this pellet injection system marks that my country has become the third country after the United States and Russia to master the continuous low-temperature pellet injection technology. The next step is to install the system on EAST to help carry out EAST's high-density and high-confinement experiments. At the same time, the R&D team will continue to promote the upgrading of pellet injection technology on the key issues of future fusion reactor plasma charging, and contribute to the operation of future fusion reactors.
The US intends to control the export of biotechnology equipment to affect China's biotechnology research and development
US imposing new export controls on biotech equipment over China concerns
WASHINGTON, Jan 15 (Reuters) - The U.S. Commerce Department said Wednesday it is imposing new export controls on biotechnology equipment and related technology because of national security concerns tied to artificial intelligence and data science.
Washington has raised concerns that China could use U.S. technology to strengthen military capabilities and help design
new weapons through AI. The department said the laboratory equipment could be used for "human performance enhancement, brain-machine interfaces, biologically-inspired synthetic materials, and possibly biological weapons."
The new export controls, which restrict shipments to China and other countries without a U.S. license, are for high-parameter flow cytometers and certain mass spectrometry equipment, which Commerce said can "generate high-quality, high-content biological data, including that which is suitable for use to facilitate the development of AI and biological design tools."
This is the latest effort by Washington to restrict U.S. technology to China. On Monday, Commerce moved to further restrict AI chip and technology exports from China aimed at helping the United States maintain its dominant status in AI by controlling it around the world.
U.S. lawmakers have been considering a number of proposals to keep Americans' personal health and genetic information from foreign adversaries and aim to push U.S. pharmaceutical and biotech companies to lessen their reliance on China for everything from drug ingredient manufacturing to early research.
Last week, U.S. lawmakers called on the Commerce Department to consider restricting the export of U.S. biotechnology to the Chinese military, citing concerns Beijing could weaponize it.
The Chinese Embassy in Washington last week said Beijing "firmly opposes any country's development, possession or use of biological weapons."
In August, U.S. lawmakers called on the Food and Drug Administration to ramp up scrutiny of U.S. clinical trials conducted in China, citing the risk of intellectual property theft and the possibility of forced participation of members of China's Uyghur minority group.
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