News on China's scientific and technological development.

Insane. China driving its research progress all by its own. No more need for catch up, no more need for Westerners.

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Data from the Nature Index suggest China-based authors are increasingly publishing without international colleagues.

In 2022, China’s Share/Count ratio reached 82% (a ratio of 100% would indicate no international collaboration at all). This number has been rising steadily for several years: in 2015, China’s ratio was 72%, for instance.

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At the same time, the ratio for most other major science nations has been falling. For example, the US ratio was 75% in 2015 and 70% in 2022, and for Germany, the ratio

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. In some scientific journals and fields, the trend is even more pronounced (see ‘Minimal collaboration’ and ‘Opposite directions’).

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FairAndUnbiased said:

Traditional chemistry and materials science is losing funding and getting less prizes relative to biochemistry the same way ping pong and weightlifting are no longer popular due to Chinese domination.

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Some proof supporting what you said:

China’s Share/Count ratio in the journal Analytical Chemistry, for example, was 96% in 2022.

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That means pretty much all the leading Analytical Chemistry science is done inside China (who leads Chemistry research by a large margin). Without China there's almost been little progress in chemistry OR physics.



China has all the talent they need.

“China has ramped up domestic science so much, and international collaborations are not keeping pace,” says Freeman.

That increase, and the high quality of the country’s domestic publications, means that international collaboration might be becoming less necessary. “As China makes more progress, the need for collaboration could diminish in some fields,” says Simon. “They have enough options within the country to produce good partners.”

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Nature is panicking as they realize it's the Global South, not Western journals, that will be receiving Chinese publications:

The balance might be shifting away from the scientific powerhouses of the West to other countries, such as those taking part in China’s Belt and Road Initiative — most of whose members are countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and South America. The results of these collaborations might be published in a broader variety of journals, but this might not be of concern to China if its ultimate goal is wider scientific influence. “China is expanding its collaborative footprint around the world. For example, they have signed science and technology cooperative agreements with 116 countries,” says Wagner. China has also made agreements with middle- and low-income nations in South America and Africa. “So, perhaps there is less focus on the elite journals.”

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Details on BRI science collaboration happening;

In science, the BRI is coming into its own. In 2019, Nature travelled to a large construction site where a new university was being built. The Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, a collaboration between Austria, China and Pakistan, opened in 2020. Its first students will graduate next year, and it has already opened collaborative research centres in artificial intelligence, critical minerals and railway engineering. In Beijing, Nature talked to some of the 200 international doctoral students selected annually and funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the UNESCO World Academy of Sciences, based in Trieste, Italy. The scheme now supports 300 new PhD scholars a year.

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Last month, in a collaboration between CAS, the National Museums of Kenya and the Sino–Africa Joint Research Center near Nairobi, researchers published the first in a 31-volume study called Flora of Kenya, which will catalogue nearly 7,000 plant species. And this month saw the announcement that the space agencies of Pakistan and Azerbaijan will join other international partners in China’s lunar research-station project, which aims to build a permanent base on the Moon in the 2030s.

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The Alliance of International Science Organizations is a network of science institutions that advises on science policy for the BRI. Based at CAS, it has global representation. It organizes PhD scholarships in China, as well as funding calls for projects between its 67 institutional members, spread across 48 countries — up from 37 members in 2019. The UN’s science and education agency UNESCO is involved, as are a small number of European science academies.

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The scientific research team of Chongqing University has made new breakthroughs in the field of nanometal research, and the results have been published in the journal Science..​

on December 2 that the official public account of Chongqing University announced on Friday that Huang Xiaoxu’s team from the School of Materials Science and Engineering and their collaborators used independently developed three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy technology to achieve new breakthroughs in the field of nanometal research..

On December 1, Chongqing University, as the first completing unit and the first corresponding author unit, published the latest research results in the academic journal "Science".

According to reports, traditional electron microscopy technology can only observe the surface layer of the sample, or observe the two-dimensional projection of the internal three-dimensional structure of the material, which greatly limits people's understanding of the microstructure of the material . Over the past 20 years, scientists around the world have been committed to developing three-dimensional characterization technology. Important progress has been made in the research and development of three-dimensional characterization technology with spatial resolution at the micron scale, and its application has promoted important scientific developments in the field of materials science.

However, more and deeper material science problems require three-dimensional characterization technology at the nanoscale or even the atomic level . Improving the spatial resolution from the micron level to the nanometer level is another huge challenge.

Huang Xiaoxu's team has successfully developed a series of three-dimensional transmission electron microscopy technologies based on electron diffraction, which has filled the gap in nanoscale three-dimensional electron microscopy orientation imaging technology and will greatly promote the development of three-dimensional materials science. The team has worked hard for more than 10 years and has received support from national key research and development programs and other projects.


This study used three-dimensional orientation imaging technology to realize the three-dimensional electron microscopy study of the plastic deformation of nanometal for the first time , and discovered the abnormal phenomenon that the plastic strain of nanometal can be recovered, and revealed its physical nature.


According to reports, this new discovery develops the theory of nanometal plastic deformation and will provide theoretical guidance for the research and development of advanced nanostructured materials, the prediction and control of nanomaterial service behavior, and the optimization of micro-nano device functions.

sunnymaxi said:

https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1730027283841507372

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's scale of

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computing power reached 260 EFLOPS last year and is expected to reach 1,117 EFLOPS in 2027, realizing a compound annual growth rate of 33.9%. EFLOPS is a measurement unit used to determine a computer's speed..

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btw, I think this is not accurate

　　全球智能算力的总体情况呈现快速增长的趋势。白皮书显示，截至到 2022 年底，全球算力总规模达到 650 EFLOPS，其中，通用算力规模为 498 EFLOPS，智能算力规模为 142 EFLOPS，超算算力规模为 10 EFLOPS。智能算力规模与去年相比增加了 25.7%，规模占比达 21.9%。IDC预测，全球 AI 计算市场规模将从 2022 年的 195.0 亿美元增长到 2026年的 346.6 亿美元。

　　我国智能算力总体情况

　　白皮书指出，在算力规模方面，截止到 2022 年底，我国算力总规模为 180 EFLOPS，排名全球第二。其中，通用算力规模为 137 EFLOPS，智能算力规模为 41 EFLOPS，超算算力规模为 2 EFLOPS。中国智能算力正处于高速增长阶段，智能算力规模与去年相比增加了 41.4%，规模占比达 22.8%，，超过全球整体智能算力增速（25.7%）。​

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so the latest figures have demand for Huawei Ascend chips as 200k+ for 2024

Let's say the number is 250k.

At least 320TFLOPS FP16 per GPU -> at least 80 EFLOPS. So previously, they estimated 30% growth in installation per year. Let's say that goes to 50% in installation due to LLM demand.

instead of adding 40 EFLOPS in 2022, maybe you add something like 60 EFLOPS this year and 90 EFLOPS in 2024, 140 EFLOPS in 2025 -> 470 EFLOPS by end of 2025

All the tech companies still have stocked up Nvidia GPUs.

My big question is what the next generation Ascend chip looks like. Should be higher than 320 TFLOPS but will they finally use chiplets to increase yield? how much computation are we looking at?

ASD jab: Chinese scientists reach milestone in revolutionary gene therapy for autism​

• A genome editing system developed by Chinese scientists successfully modified a mutated gene linked to autism when tested on mice
• It is the first effective treatment of mice with ASD-related mutations using base editing in the brain, according to the researchers

Chinese scientists have reached a significant milestone in creating the first injection that can undo the signs of through genetic base editing within the brain.

The treatment, developed by researchers in Shanghai, showed positive results when tested on mice.
The team created a genome editing system, which successfully modified the DNA of mice that had been given a mutation found in some patients with (ASD).

Mice given the injection containing the editing system registered a decrease in ASD-associated behaviour.

In a paper on their research, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience on November 27, the scientists said the potential treatment method could not just be used for patients with ASD, but also other genetic neurodevelopmental disorders.

ASD affects around 1 per cent of the global population. One in every 36 children in the United States is , according to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The disorder can affect a person’s ability to interact and communicate, as well as cause repetitive behaviours and intense interests.

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New generation of artificial sun:

Autonomous 20-story vegetable farm:

Market watchers are anticipating a rapid expansion of China’s presence in genetically modified food, as authorities ramp up their efforts to clear up public doubts following the breakthrough approval of several varieties of genetically modified (GM) corn and soybeans.
In less than a decade, GM corn and soybeans are set to create a multi-billion-yuan market in China and replace a large portion of low-yielding conventional varieties of the crops, industry observers said.

Both are staple foods, and widely used as sources of edible oils and animal feed.

A number of leading Chinese breeders now have theoretical free rein to grow dozens of varieties of the plants, as the period for public comment on the central government’s approval of commercial planting of GM varietals ended last month.

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GM corn and soybeans are expected to generate a new market worth 7 billion yuan (US$988.4 million) in eight years based on similar trends in the United States, according to a research note published by Kaiyuan Securities last week.


With the two major crops being given the green light, “the window for commercialisation of GM seeds has opened, and leading breeders have set sail,” it said.

Calling 2023 “the beginning of GM seed planting”, China Galaxy Securities estimated that, in terms of growing area, about 40 per cent of all China’s soybeans and corn would be genetically edited in the six years following the shift.

“International experience has proved that the application of GM technology will bring improved output, a higher mark-up in seed prices, and reshaped industry competition,” it said in a note in late October.

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Good news is that despite China's late adoption of the technology, they are moving forward with GMO crops at rapid speed

China is deploying 5.5G.

5.5G: China is rolling out the next big thing in communications technology​

• China is embracing the improvements offered by 5.5G to improve network speeds and support smart factories
• 5.5G is expected to increase mobile user bandwidth from 1Gbps to 10Gbps and reduce delay, or latency, significantly

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While the US regulators are still quibbling about the spectrum for 5G, China has already allocated 6GHz for both 5G and 6G.

China speeds up development of 6G technology​

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Gen4 pebble bed reactor in service.


Why is this such a big deal, anyone?

Maikeru said:

Gen4 pebble bed reactor in service.

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Why is this such a big deal, anyone?

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It is the first ever 4th-gen nuclear reactor to enter commercial service in the entire world. So far, no other country has managed to reach this stage other than China, hence its significance.

ACuriousPLAFan said:

It's the first ever 4th-gen reactor to enter commercial service. No other country has managed to reach this stage other than China, hence its significance.

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Yes OK and what's so great about a 4th gen reactor please? What makes it 4th gen?