News on China's scientific and technological development.

sunnymaxi said:

World's 1st tunnel boring machine for high slope spiral tunnel construction arrived at a construction site in NW China's Gansu. The 100-m-long machine with a diameter of over 7 m will help build a world-class underground laboratory for high-level radioactive waste disposal..

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WOW, this is incredible news! This is basically a 7.03m diameter TBM with an articulating cutting head capable of 10 degree cuts in every direction, up, down, left and right. With this, kind of single piece TBM, China will be able to construct otherwise impossible tunnels that would typically be forced to be almost straight relative to small radius tunnels that this will make possible. In other words, this is going to make tunnels for maglev transportation a lot easier since maglevs don't need the turn radius that railroads do. It will also make tunneling in mountain ranges an order of magnitude simpler and cheaper because unstable sediment layers can be avoided on a dime and tunneled around instead of needing the entire tunnel length perfectly surveyed for tunneling to even be possible.

link:

Global high-slope spiral tunnel boring machine off the assembly line

On September 4, 2022, the world's first large-slope spiral tunnel boring machine jointly built by CRCC and China Railway 18th Bureau rolled off the assembly line in CRCC Changsha Second Industrial Park.

This tunnel boring machine is named "Beishan No. 1". The equipment needs to excavate a spiral curve ramp in the Beishan underground laboratory. The project is driven in a clockwise spiral from the surface down. The comprehensive slope is 10%, which is equivalent to every forward direction of the tunnel. The excavation is 10 meters, and the height is lowered by 1 meter.

The Beishan underground laboratory slope is about 7.2 kilometers long. It is the first slope project in the world to be constructed with a full-section rock boring machine. During the construction, it is necessary to solve the problem of equipment in the continuous large-slope tunnel with spiral and small turns. Mainly complete granite, the quartz content reaches 25%-30%, and the maximum uniaxial saturated compressive strength of the rock is as high as 230 MPa, which belongs to extremely hard rock geology with difficult construction.

The spiral slope of the main project of the China Beishan Underground Laboratory was constructed by the China Railway 18th Bureau. "Beishan No. 1" was successfully rolled off, marking that the Beishan underground laboratory is about to enter the rapid construction stage of the slope, which will effectively boost the construction progress of the Beishan underground laboratory.Editor/Ma Xue

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If you like fresh water fishes but hate their tiny bones (intermuscular bones), Chinese scientists have created varieties of crucian carp and Wuchang bream that do not grow intermuscular bones.

世界首例无肌间刺鲫鱼问世​

鲫鱼肉质细嫩、味道鲜美，但因小细刺太多影响食用和加工。如今，一种去除小细刺的鲫鱼在中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所问世！1月14日，由中国科学院水生生物研究所桂建芳院士、中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所陈松林院士领衔的专家组，对该所鲤科鱼类基因组学创新团队利用基因编辑技术创制的无肌间刺鲫新种质进行了现场验收。肌间刺就是那些令人望鲫鱼却步的小细刺，这种无肌间刺鲫鱼让人们吃鱼不再有细刺“卡嗓子”的担忧。经查新，此为世界首例鲤科鱼类无肌间刺基因编辑新种质。

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繁育出了完全没有肌间刺的

武昌鱼（团头鲂）苗种

有望大规模推广！

9月25日，华中农业大学水产学院高泽霞团队透露了关于无刺鱼的最新研究进展：

今年以来，他们利用已获得的第一代杂合体（F0代）少刺鱼，经过雌雄交配繁育出了完全没有肌间刺的武昌鱼（团头鲂）苗种（F1代），明年将进一步开展无刺鱼遗传稳定繁育工作。按照正常程序，新种质性状稳定后，再取得国家的相关认证，就可以大规模推广。

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China's advanced computing industry will exceed RMB3.5 trillion by 2025

China's advanced computing industry is expected to exceed RMB3.5 trillion ($485.1 billion) by 2025 and the indirect industry scale will surpass RMB10 trillion ($1.4 trillion), according to the White Paper on China’s Computing Power Development Index (2022) recently released by China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT).

Advanced computing power has shown structural growth under the diversified digital demands, and it may become the primary focus of the computing power economy in the future, it said.

Advanced computing technology characterized by diversification and integration is embracing a new development wave. Chiplets offer a new direction to improve chip performance; Breakthroughs are accelerating in computing chips; Heterogeneous computing has become the mainstream model; Preliminary exploration starts in cutting-edge computing industrialization.

The White Paper also showed that the rise of emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, digital twins, and the metaverse has driven the rapid growth of global computing power. In 2021, the total computing power of global computing equipment reached 615 EFlops, with a growth rate of 44%, and China’s computing power reached 202 EFlops.

The White Paper predicted that the demand for massive data computing power will change from computing-centric to data-centric computing models, and diversified computing power will set higher requirements for software and hardware adaptation. The core driver of advanced computing is transforming from the Internet to traditional industries.

Shanghai Announces Opening of First Expressways for Autonomous Driving at 5th CIIE

(Yicai Global) Nov.8 -- Shanghai’s transportation commission announced at the fifth China International Import Expo that the city officially opened the first batch of expressways for autonomous driving.

The road section for self-driving includes 21.5 kilometers of the G1503 Ring Expressway, 19.5 km of the G2 Beijing-Shanghai Expressway, and 459.6 km of surface roads in Jiading district, the Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission said yesterday at the CIIE.

Chinese scientists from Yunnan University created a perennial rice. Once planted, the perennial rice can produce 8 consecutive harvests in 4 years, with average total crop yield comparable to replanted annual rice. Planting perennial rice can thus save greatly in cost of labor and seed.

Paper in English:

Abstract​

There is an urgent need for agricultural systems to intensify sustainably, increasing crop productivity, farmer livelihoods and soil health while using fewer resources. Crop perennialization, the conversion of especially annual grains to perennial forms, has shown such possibility. Here we report the successful breeding of perennial rice and assess its performance and potential. Domesticated, annual Asian rice (Oryza sativa) was hybridized with its perennial African relative Oryza longistaminata. From a single planting, irrigated perennial rice produced grain for eight consecutive harvests over four years, averaging 6.8 Mg ha−1 harvest−1 versus the 6.7 Mg of replanted annual rice, which required additional labour and seed. Four years of cropping with perennial rice resulted in soils accumulating 0.95 Mg ha–1 yr–1 organic carbon and 0.11 Mg ha−1 yr−1 nitrogen, along with increases in soil pH (0.3–0.4) and plant-available water capacity (7.2 mm). Perennial cultivars are strongly preferred by farmers; growing them saves 58.1% of labour and 49.2% of input costs in each regrowth cycle. In 2021, perennial rice was grown on 15,333 ha by 44,752 smallholder farmers in southern China. Suited to a broad range of frost-free environments between 40° N and 40° S, perennial rice is a step change with potential to improve livelihoods, enhance soil quality and inspire research on other perennial grains.

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News report in Chinese:

微信公众号“云南大学”11月8日消息，近日，云南大学胡凤益团队联合国内外相关团队在国际知名学术期刊《自然－可持续性》发表了题为“多年生稻的可持续生产力与生产潜力”的研究论文，并同步发表了题为“多年生稻变革促进可持续农业”的研究简报，详细报道了该团队20多年来坚持和探索多年生稻的培育、创新、应用。

目前胡凤益团队已成功育成了多个多年生稻品种，包括多年生稻23、云大25、云大107等，在中国及周边多个国家试验成功并推广。其中多年生稻23（PR23）于2018年通过品种审定，具有广适、高产稳产、多年生性强等特点，是基于种间杂交培育多年生粮食作物领域的里程碑事件。多年生稻种植一次，可连续免耕收获3-4年，即自第二季起便无需买种、育秧、犁田和移栽等生产环节，仅需田间管理和收获两个生产环节，节约生产成本，减少劳动力，是一种轻简化、绿色可持续的稻作生产方式。

多年生稻连续种植4年，每年收获2季，平均每季产量为6.8吨/公顷，与一年生稻产量（6.7吨/公顷）相当。2020年，多年生稻种植面积超过3818公顷，惠及11000余农户；2021年，其种植面积（15533公顷）以4倍度增长，惠及44752农户。

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The Zhongke Science and Technology Project has started, and four types of high-end equipment industry clusters including "semiconductor equipment" will be built​

The project is located in the functional area of Suzhou Taihu Science City, with a planned total land area of 107 mu. After the project is completed, it will serve as a platform for the development, transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements in the mid-to-high-end equipment business sector of the holding company of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and establish four types of high-end equipment industry clusters of scientific instruments, semiconductor equipment, optoelectronic equipment and vacuum equipment.

According to the official website of Suzhou High-tech Zone, Zhongke Keyi was formerly known as the Scientific Instrument Factory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was founded in 1958 and has now become a leading enterprise in electronic optics and vacuum technology in my country. Its business areas include high-end scientific instruments and equipment, core components and industrial equipment. Two plates.

tokenanalyst said:

The Zhongke Science and Technology Project has started, and four types of high-end equipment industry clusters including "semiconductor equipment" will be built​

The project is located in the functional area of Suzhou Taihu Science City, with a planned total land area of 107 mu. After the project is completed, it will serve as a platform for the development, transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements in the mid-to-high-end equipment business sector of the holding company of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and establish four types of high-end equipment industry clusters of scientific instruments, semiconductor equipment, optoelectronic equipment and vacuum equipment.

According to the official website of Suzhou High-tech Zone, Zhongke Keyi was formerly known as the Scientific Instrument Factory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was founded in 1958 and has now become a leading enterprise in electronic optics and vacuum technology in my country. Its business areas include high-end scientific instruments and equipment, core components and industrial equipment. Two plates.

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Zhongke Keyi is very old, they were around for the original Mao era space program.