News on China's scientific and technological development.

SanWenYu

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Another major breakthrough from Harbin Institute of Technology. This new material will have critical applications in space and deep underground explorations.

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Hypocrystalline ceramic aerogels for thermal insulation at extreme conditions​

Thermal insulation under extreme conditions requires materials that can withstand complex thermomechanical stress and retain excellent thermal insulation properties at temperatures exceeding 1,000 degrees Celsius
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. Ceramic aerogels are attractive thermal insulating materials; however, at very high temperatures, they often show considerably increased thermal conductivity and limited thermomechanical stability that can lead to catastrophic failure
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. Here we report a multiscale design of hypocrystalline zircon nanofibrous aerogels with a zig-zag architecture that leads to exceptional thermomechanical stability and ultralow thermal conductivity at high temperatures. The aerogels show a near-zero Poisson’s ratio (3.3 × 10−4) and a near-zero thermal expansion coefficient (1.2 × 10−7 per degree Celsius), which ensures excellent structural flexibility and thermomechanical properties. They show high thermal stability with ultralow strength degradation (less than 1 per cent) after sharp thermal shocks, and a high working temperature (up to 1,300 degrees Celsius). By deliberately entrapping residue carbon species in the constituent hypocrystalline zircon fibres, we substantially reduce the thermal radiation heat transfer and achieve one of the lowest high-temperature thermal conductivities among ceramic aerogels so far—104 milliwatts per metre per kelvin at 1,000 degrees Celsius. The combined thermomechanical and thermal insulating properties offer an attractive material system for robust thermal insulation under extreme conditions.

News release in Chinese by HIT:
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极端条件(例如深空和深地等环境中复杂机械载荷和剧烈温度变化)下的热控制,要求隔热材料具备优异的热-力学特性和隔热性能。传统陶瓷气凝胶超隔热材料存在困扰其近百年的“力热互斥”瓶颈难题,例如陶瓷无定形态增韧的同时引发高温析晶粉化,低热膨胀效应受困于结构几何构型和力学特性,力热协同增强的同时牺牲隔热性能,以及低密度降低声子传热的同时无法有效阻隔高温热辐射等,难以满足实际极端环境热控制需求。
鉴于此,本文报道了一种气凝胶多尺度超结构设计和制备方法,采用半晶质(hypocrystalline)陶瓷材料设计结合zig-zag宏观结构设计,赋予陶瓷气凝胶近零泊松比(3.3×10-4)和近零热膨胀(1.2×10-7/℃)的“双零”反常规物理性质,从而获得了轻质超柔韧、高热稳定性及高温超隔热等特性。同时,研究团队创新提出了一种“气体湍流”辅助静电纺丝直接制备三维纳米纤维陶瓷气凝胶的方法,拓展了传统静电纺丝制备二维膜材料的束缚,为实现材料的多尺度超结构设计、高性能、大规模及低成本制备提供了新思路和新方法。该材料弹性可恢复压缩应变高达95%,兼具优异的拉伸(断裂应变>40%)和弯曲(弯曲应变>90%)变形能力;1万次高频剧烈热震(约200℃/s)以及长期高温(>1000℃)有氧暴露下强度损失及体积收缩几乎为零;此外,半晶质陶瓷对碳展现了更强的包覆能力,提高了碳材料的高温抗氧化性能,从而有效阻隔了高温热辐射,实现了“低密度”陶瓷气凝胶目前最低高温导热系数(20mg/cm3、1000℃下小于100mW/mK),弥补了轻质气凝胶材料在高温隔热领域的短板。该材料同时具备电容式自感知特性,可实时监测隔热材料的结构损伤,进一步增强了热控制系统的安全可靠性。
成果对满足我国航天等领域在极端、复杂服役条件下的隔热保温、减重增容、节能降耗、系统安全和性能稳定,具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。
 

BlackWindMnt

Captain
Registered Member
Yes. Another way would be to put Microsoft under cybersecurity review. An OS is the ultimate platform monopoly, but so far only Chinese companies and no foreign companies have come under investigation for anti-competitive behaviors. The hope is that, that changes.

Also curious to see how this relates to the Deepin project. If Kylin is to be China's main open source OS, does that mean Deepin is relegated to secondary status?
It doesn't have to mean that deepin is not a primary target. I still have some hope that Huawei will show off a HarmonyOS desktop shell with a Linux kernel this fall or somewhere next year.

So you have something complete like the Apple eco system but using more open standard instead of like Apple creating a extra standard that only works on their platform. Like you now have 3 standards vulkan, dx12 and metal for graphics. Having only vulkan as a standard for graphics means graphic and gpu designers only have to maintain one driver and standard.

You really need a big company to grow a big community of developers in your ecosystem.
 
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SanWenYu

Captain
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On June 8, FAW ignited their 13L direct-injection hydrogen ICE. I posted the news here: News on China's scientific and technological development.

Today in Yulin, Guangxi, Yuchai successfully tested igniting a 16L direct-injection hydrogen ICE. This engine, with the model number YCK16H, has a max power output of 560 hp. It is actually the second hydrogen ICE made by Yuchai. They have a lighter model YCK05H started testing in December, 2021.

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微信公众号“玉柴机器”消息,6月30日,玉柴YCK16H燃氢发动机在广西玉林成功点火。该款发动机排量达15.93升,最大马力达560马力,是目前中国排量最大,马力最大的燃氢发动机。玉柴YCK16H的点火成功,标志着玉柴在零碳能源动力系统赛道上又迈出了坚实一步。
2021年12月,玉柴成功点火中国首台面向城市客车、市政、环卫、物流配送领域的燃氢发动机YCK05H,带动中国内燃机行业进入了零碳能源动力系统赛道,也拉开了我国商用车用燃氢发动机研发的大幕。

在完成轻型燃氢发动机平台开发之后,此次又推出了YCK16H重型缸内直喷燃氢发动机,使玉柴成为国内氢能领域唯一产品覆盖轻型及重型氢内燃机,以及燃料电池系统的专业动力系统供应商。
此次点火的YCK16H采用了先进的燃料高压共轨、高压缸内直喷技术和双流道增压技术,可以按需求在缸内实现均质燃烧或者分层燃烧,动力性更强、热效率更高、稳定性更好。 该平台对燃料纯度的适应性高,可以适配灰氢、绿氢、甲醇在线制氢等多种途径制备的燃料,依据用户需求和燃料制、储、运的基础条件,可以自由组合燃料供给,是一种高适应性、灵活可控的零碳/低碳动力解决方案。 为解决燃氢发动机升功率相对较小的问题,玉柴选择了YC16H平台,马力更大,但比同类产品体积更小、重量更轻,可广泛用于49T牵引车等重型商用车和分布式能源等场景。

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Future models based on this engine platform will also be able to burn pure ammonia or methanol, or fuels mixed of hydrogen/ammonia, or disel/methanol.

氨燃料、甲醇的应用也是这一发动机平台的亮点之一。相比较氢气,氨燃料和甲醇制备成本更低、更易于储存、应用十分广泛、对环境影响小。基于以上优势,氨内燃机、甲醇内燃机具有较为广阔的发展前景, YCK16H的开发为氨或甲醇的单一燃料、氨氢混合燃料应用、柴油及甲醇混合燃料应用提供良好的技术平台,为我国打造零碳排放内燃机奠定技术基础 。

Yuchai also has YCK15N in the development. YCK15N shares the same platform as YCK16H and burns natural gas. It is expected to enter mass production by end of 2022.

据悉,在该平台上开发的天然气发动机YCK15N已经完成了台架测试和整车道路试验,预计在2022年年底批量投产。验证结果显示,YCK15N可靠性更高,气缸盖低周疲劳循环次数提升2.35倍,B10达到100万公里,行业首创EGR系统和曲轴箱系统防结冰专利技术,零下 40 ℃ 仍可正常运营;经济性更好,行业首创TWC(三元催化器)+ASC(氨催化器)+除碳技术,耐久里程提升1倍,气耗更低,最低比气耗较同类产品低5%以上,扭矩比同类产品更大。这款产品将可广泛应用于6X4干线物流高端牵引车、山区或高原地区标载复合型牵引车。
 

SanWenYu

Captain
Registered Member
A 500 thousand tonnes per year ethanol production line enters trial run in China. It converts low grade coal into ethanol using indigenous technologies developed domestically.

今天(6月30日),我国规模最大的50万吨/年煤基乙醇项目在陕西榆林建成中交,转入试运行阶段,项目以煤为原料,生产无水乙醇等化工产品,每年可转化低阶煤150万吨。
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In China's propaganda terms, "国际领先" means the best of the world. Chinese invented the industrial process to convert coal into ethanol.

该项目采用我国自主知识产权国际领先的二甲醚羰基化制乙醇技术,是世界煤化工产业在煤制烯烃、煤制油、煤制天然气和乙二醇四大路线之外,开辟的一条全新的环境友好型技术工艺路线。

The news report is light in details:
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A visitor to Guancha added this comment for those who are curious:

这是中科院大连化物所与陕西延长石油开发的技术,煤与氧气、水蒸气反应,气化为合成气(一氧化碳和氢气的混合气体),合成甲醇,甲醇缩合为二甲醚,二甲醚与一氧化碳发生羰基化反应得到乙酸甲酯(CH3OCH3 +CO → CH3COOCH3),乙酸甲酯加氢得到乙醇和甲醇,从中分离出乙醇。
煤制乙醇是一个世界性难题。2017年,延长石油10万吨/年煤制乙醇工业示范项目成功打通全流程,产出合格的乙醇,这是我国首创的煤制乙醇工业化新技术。今天是全球最大的煤制乙醇项目建成交付
 

broadsword

Brigadier
Chinese researchers from Tianjin university and Nankai university created a new kind of membranes for faster desalination.

In tests, the new membrane can reject 99.91% of NaCl with "an ultrafast water fux of 267 kg per sq meter per hour". This result outperforms the state-of-the-art designs and is 4 to 10 times higher than the conventional membranes.

The research team has developed an environment friendly process that can produce the membrane at the kilogram scale with a unit cost of 1 yuan per gram. This is close to the breakeven point for production at "industrial scale". The scientists are hard working at improving the process to realize mass production.

Preview of the research paper in English:
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News report in Chinese by Xinhua:
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Is that correct, 1 yuan per gram? Looks expensive.
 

ZeEa5KPul

Colonel
Registered Member
Another major breakthrough from Harbin Institute of Technology. This new material will have critical applications in space and deep underground explorations.

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News release in Chinese by HIT:
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Hypersonic missiles about to be upgraded.
Today in Yulin, Guangxi, Yuchai successfully tested igniting a 16L direct-injection hydrogen ICE. This engine, with the model number YCK16H, has a max power output of 560 hp.
Hmm... that power output seems very low for an engine with 16L displacement.
 

FairAndUnbiased

Brigadier
Registered Member
On June 8, FAW ignited their 13L direct-injection hydrogen ICE. I posted the news here: News on China's scientific and technological development.

Today in Yulin, Guangxi, Yuchai successfully tested igniting a 16L direct-injection hydrogen ICE. This engine, with the model number YCK16H, has a max power output of 560 hp. It is actually the second hydrogen ICE made by Yuchai. They have a lighter model YCK05H started testing in December, 2021.

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View attachment 91909View attachment 91910

Future models based on this engine platform will also be able to burn pure ammonia or methanol, or fuels mixed of hydrogen/ammonia, or disel/methanol.



Yuchai also has YCK15N in the development. YCK15N shares the same platform as YCK16H and burns natural gas. It is expected to enter mass production by end of 2022.
holy crap, hydrogen direct injection ICE is very hard to do right. Major props. Making this ammonia/methanol compatible is even better.
 
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