News on China's scientific and technological development.

Chinese researchers from Nanjing University set new record in efficiency of flexible thin-film solar cell. The Tiangong space station uses flexible solar cells. Perhaps it will receive an upgrade of those soon?

Flexible all-perovskite tandem solar cells approaching 25% efficiency with molecule-bridged hole-selective contact​

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Lightweight flexible perovskite solar cells are promising for building integrated photovoltaics, wearable electronics, portable energy systems and aerospace applications. However, their highest certified efficiency of 19.9% lags behind their rigid counterparts (highest 25.7%), mainly due to defective interfaces at charge-selective contacts with perovskites on top. Here we use a mixture of two hole-selective molecules based on carbazole cores and phosphonic acid anchoring groups to form a self-assembled monolayer and bridge perovskite with a low temperature-processed NiO nanocrystal film. The hole-selective contact mitigates interfacial recombination and facilitates hole extraction. We show flexible all-perovskite tandem solar cells with an efficiency of 24.7% (certified 24.4%), outperforming all types of flexible thin-film solar cell. We also report 23.5% efficiency for larger device areas of 1.05 cm2. The molecule-bridged interfaces enable significant bending durability of flexible all-perovskite tandem solar cells that retain their initial performance after 10,000 cycles of bending at a radius of 15 mm.

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The same team also set a new record in efficiency of rigid all-perovskite solar cell last month. The efficiency of their solar cell is 28.0%, overpassing the highest efficiency of single crystalline silicon solar cells at 26.7% for the first time in history.

The all-perovskite temdem solar cell technology is widely considered as one of the best in the next generation perovskite solar cells.

经日本电气安全和环境技术实验室(JET)国际权威认证，南京大学现代工程与应用科学学院谭海仁教授科研团队研制的全钙钛矿叠层

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稳态光电转换效率高达28.0%，在国际上首次超越单晶硅

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的最高效率26.7%，创造了全球光伏发展的新的历史。

今年1月，谭海仁团队将全钙钛矿叠层

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的转换效率提升至26.4%，首次超越单结钙钛矿电池，与晶硅电池最高效率相当。该成绩被《太阳电池世界纪录表》收录，相关研究成果发表于《自然》主刊。

今年5月，谭海仁团队与英国牛津大学团队通过采用涂布印刷、真空沉积等可量产化的制备技术，首次实现了大面积全钙钛矿叠层电池组件的制备。该组件稳态光电转换效率高达21.7%，是目前全球大面积钙钛矿电池组件的最高转换效率。该成绩被最新一期《太阳电池世界纪录表》收录，相关研究成果发表于权威学术期刊《科学》。

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目前，越来越多的国内外相关企业开始布局钙钛矿领域，并尝试对钙钛矿电池进行商业化落地。全球首条百兆瓦钙钛矿产线日前在浙江衢州正式量产。

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(000821)全资子公司晟成光伏与协鑫光电合作推进钙钛矿叠层电池产业化进程。

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(300724)反应式等离子体镀膜设备(RPD设备)已取得钙钛矿中试线订单，同时整线设备也进入研发阶段。

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anyone know if this is true
they say Android 13 will use Huawei EROFS system

MortyandRick said:

anyone know if this is true
they say Android 13 will use Huawei EROFS system

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According to wikipedia, it is:

EROFS (Enhanced Read-Only File System) is a lightweight read-only

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initially developed by

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for the Linux kernel.

EROFS aims to provide a solution to save storage space by using transparent compression for scenarios which need high-performance read-only requirements on their devices with limited hardware resources, e.g. smartphones like

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.

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All of Huawei's new products shipped with

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9.0.1 or later used EROFS,

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and it was promoted as one of the key features of EMUI 9.1.

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The file system was formally merged into the

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with

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v5.4.

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All new devices with Android 13 (released in 2022) that will use

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(GMS package) must use EROFS.

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UPDATE:

Hmm, it seems that it's no longer a requirement. The AndroidPolice article cited by wikipedia has this update at the end:

UPDATE: 2022/05/26 09:58 EST BY RYNE HAGER​

Other filesystems will still be accepted
New commits indicate that Google is going to relax this requirement, and read-only partitions can still use EXT4 or F2FS, as spotted by Rahman:

Shortly after I published this article, Google pushed a change to relax its file system requirements. Android 13 launch devices will no longer have to use EROFS as the file system for RO partitions in order to pass VTS. EXT4 and F2FS will also be allowed.

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— Mishaal Rahman (@MishaalRahman)

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When the Android 13 Vendor Software Requirements are finalized, we'll know for sure, but it seems like Google has decided not to move ahead with imposing EROFS as necessary for read-only partitions on Android 13.
The context of our original coverage is preserved above in case Google changes its mind again.

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SanWenYu said:

According to wikipedia, it is:

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UPDATE:

Hmm, it seems that it's no longer a requirement. The AndroidPolice article cited by wikipedia has this update at the end:

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Why are we even surprised here? I heard Huawei was one of the biggest contributors to Android, after Google.

GodRektsNoobs said:

Why are we even surprised here? I heard Huawei was one of the biggest contributors to Android, after Google.

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You are right. We should not be surprised. I was confirming the speculation (even though Google has reversed course later.)

I am not familiar with Android development. But in Linux kernel development, Huawei has been for years among the top 10 or even top 5 corporate contributor in actual code changes. Their contributions go beyond file systems. Even just for this matter, Android has been using code written by Huawei for years.

SanWenYu said:

You are right. We should not be surprised. I was confirming the speculation (even though Google has reversed course later.)

I am not familiar with Android development. But in Linux kernel development, Huawei has been for years among the top 10 or even top 5 corporate contributor in actual code changes. Their contributions go beyond file systems. Even just for this matter, Android has been using code written by Huawei for years.

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But, but, but, this is a national security risk!

We need to ban this activity!

China has adopted advanced technology to help farmers in their summer harvest, planting and field management, ensuring a high yield and bumper harvest.

Skilled agricultural technicians in east China's Anhui Province use mobile phones to control the route of unmanned harvesters.

"Compared with traditional tractors, unmanned driving enhances the accuracy and efficiency of the operation and reduces costs. [It can] achieve synchronous operation 24 hours a day," said Li Wei, technical engineer of Weichai Lovol Smart Agriculture Research Institute.

At a wheat field in Weifang, a city in east China's Shandong Province, two unmanned wheat harvesters equipped with yield measurement software are working efficiently.

The agricultural command center uses a smart agricultural management platform, satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), sensors and other technologies to monitor the growth of crops, soil moisture and meteorological data to advise farmers in their summer farming with accurate data.

"Wheat was sown late last year. However, under the guidance of the big data of the smart agricultural management platform, the field management of wheat has been done well. The overall wheat harvest this year is about 9,000 kilograms per hectare," said Zhu Long, a farmer in Weifang.

This year, more than 650,000 combine harvesters were put into wheat harvesting, including more than 130,000 with China's Beidou satellite navigation system, up 40 percent from last year.

Chinese scientists from the Nankai University find a way to break down trioxygen (ozone) in super low temporature with zero energy consumption.

"In the 14 5-year plan, air pollution control focus shifts from PM2.5 to volatile organic compound and ozone. It's critical to find catalyst that can break down ozone with zero energy consumption. The catalysts currently under study cannot meet the requirement to function in super low temporature."

"Based on mullite catalyst material, Professor Wang WeiChao and his team started the research on zero energy consumption ozone breakdown in 2019."

"The catalyst has now been made in production scale, ready to meet demands in industrial use. This technology can help develope ozone converters for the indigenous large commercial airplanes."

News report in Chinese:

中国科学家首次实现无能耗超低温臭氧分解​

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天津6月12日电 (孙玲玲 乔仁铭)记者12日从南开大学获悉，南开大学电子信息与光学工程学院王卫超教授课题组首次在三元氧化物催化剂莫来石上实现无能耗超低温臭氧分解。该成果的推广应用将为新型大气污染物臭氧在超低温环境下的降解提供有力的技术支撑，并在商业航空等领域发挥积极作用。近日，介绍该工作的论文发表于国际学术期刊EnvironmentalScience&Technology上。

据了解，随着中国“十四五”规划将大气污染控制的重点从PM2.5转向挥发性有机物和臭氧，开发零能耗分解臭氧的催化剂至关重要。目前广泛研究的催化材料无法满足极低温环境下的催化需求。因此，设计满足国家“双碳”要求的复杂环境下零能耗分解臭氧的催化剂具有重要的环境意义与科学价值。

据悉，从2019年开始，基于莫来石催化材料，王卫超教授课题组布局了臭氧的零能耗分解方向。目前，团队已经实现了该材料的宏量制备，可满足各类工业应用需求。期待在“双碳”背景下，莫来石催化剂能够对目前大气污染物臭氧的降解、国产大飞机臭氧转换等提供必要的技术支撑。(完)

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