Unlike Germany, China has monetary sovereignty.
Germany had a major current account surplus before the energy crisis, which is already quickly disappearing:
That suggests the euro is actually undervalued compared to Germany's underlying competitiveness. In other words, if Germany would break away from the euro, their nominal GDP per capita would actually
rise.
China can always print RMB to pay its debt
Trying to debase your currency to pay off your own debt isn't a winning strategy. Japan has tried the "infinitive QE" strategy and it doesn't look very successful to me. So far China has not opted for that strategy, which is a smart approach. But that doesn't change the fact that China is now more indebted (in total debt/GDP) than Germany despite being 4X poorer per capita. Which economy is more impressive?
Germany is obliged to support the Euro and the economies of highly indebted countries like Italy, Greece, France and others of the EU. And without cheap Russian gas and market, Germany also loses some of its competitiveness to China.
1. The EU is not a fiscal union, despite the best attempts of the weaker southern countries to make it one. So no, Germany isn't "obliged to support the economies of highly indebted countries". There is no common bond issuance etc. There was a one-time stimulus during the Covid crisis, but a lot of that are just loans (albeit at cheap rates).
2. I agree that China has a structural advantage in terms of cheaper energy. German energy policy (e.g. anti-nuclear mania) has been very stupid for many years. That having been said, I think neither Germany nor China are going to be as dependent on gas going forward as many people think. Renewable energy in both countries is increasing by leaps and bounds.
3. I suspect this is why China isn't rushing with Power of Siberia 2, because it isn't clear if China will need all that gas demand. This suggests that the market will be in a glut going forward.
Anyway, I think this discussion is a bit tangential to the topic so I will end it here. I was just chuckling at the comment that Germany is "too poor" to upgrade their EV network.