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The 395 Million Euro contract between ESA and ELV for VEGA C has been signed
Colleferro, 12 August 2015 - Pierluigi Pirrelli, Chief Executive Officer of ELV, and Gaële Winters, ESA Director of Launchers, European Space Agency, signed today in Paris the contract for the development of VEGA C. Other two contracts were signed today by ESA, one for the Ariane 6 new generation launcher and one for its launch base.

The signing ceremony was held at ESA headquarters in Paris at the presence of the newly-appointed Director General Johann-Dietrich Woerner, and of the representatives of the major European national space agencies, including representatives of ASI and of the representatives of the main industries in the launcher business segment.

The object of the 395 million Euro contract is the development of the advanced version of VEGA, denoted as VEGA C, and designed to further improve the market position of the transport services of small satellites in low orbit.

With respect to the VEGA configuration currently in operation, VEGA C aims to increase the load capacity of the orbital launcher up to 50%. Together with a further increase in operational flexibility, while maintaining its unrivalled orbital precision, it is expected to expand the capability to transport in the same flight a larger number of small satellites, in different orbital planes, or larger satellites. The new version of VEGA will be flight qualified in late 2018 for an entry into service as early as 2019. The group of countries which already participated in the development of VEGA, with Italy playing a major role with a 65% participation, welcomes now the entry of Germany.

A further novelty is the shared main motor between the new VEGA and the Ariane 6, the new launcher set to succeed to the Ariane 5. The main solid rocket motor, called P120C, entirely made with carbon fiber, will be developed by Europropulsion (joint venture AVIO-ASL). The new motor will inherit and exceed in size and complexity all the technological successes already achieved by AVIO in the development of the P80, the first stage of the VEGA currently in production.

Pierluigi Pirrelli, Chief Executive Officer of ELV, declared : "The signature of this contract is a great satisfaction and secures a new development to VEGA just after signing the first production contract for the current version. The first 10 VEGA flights, already fully booked, confirm the response of the market. We have just celebrated the success of the second flight of the year and we settle for the third launch of 2015.



I am very satisfied for the trust in our team and the commitment of Italy in this program allowed AVIO to be present with our partner ASL in the group of European companies with an own launcher”, comments Pier Giuliano Lasagni, CEO of AVIO Group. “I am particularly proud”, he adds, “to have signed in the last year not only the first contract for the delivery of ten VEGAs, but also this contract for the development of this new launcher that surely will join the successes enjoyed by VEGA in its current version. VEGA recently concluded successfully its fifth mission achieving the record of 5 successes in 5 launches.



ELV

ELV is a joint public-private AVIO Group (70%) and the Italian Space Agency (30%). Prime contractor for the design and development of the European launcher Vega and responsible for the integration of the launcher in French Guyana. ELV has a firm backlog of 10 launchers in the current configuration, what ensures its production until the end of 2018.



AVIO

The Avio Group is an international leader in the space launcher sector and in spacecraft propulsion and space travel. It has five sites in Italy, France and French Guiana, and employs over 700 people. In 2014 its revenues exceeded 220 million Euros. The Avio Group is responsible for the Vega launcher, with its subsidiary ELV (30% owned by the Italian Space Agency, the ASI) as prime contractor. This makes Italy one of very few countries in the world able to produce a complete space launch vehicle. Avio will build the new VEGA C launcher and will contribute towards building the new Ariane 6 launcher with new solid motors and Vinci and Vulcain liquid oxygen turbopumps.

The new solid propulsion motor, currently named P120C, for the European launch vehicle Ariane 6 and the new, more powerful version of the VEGA launcher will be developed and built by Europropulsion (J.V. 50% AVIO, 50% ASL). To create this motor and the new Zefiro 40 motor (built and tested in Italy, to be used for the second stage of the VEGA launch vehicle), a new composite material made of pre-impregnated carbon fibre will be used, made directly by Avio in its research centres in Colleferro and Campania.

Avio has many years of experience in the design and construction of solid and liquid propellant propulsion systems for space launch vehicles and for tactical propulsion. The company created the liquid oxygen turbopump for the Vulcain cryogenic engine, and the two lateral solid propellant motors for Ariane 5, the first stage of the Aster 30 anti-missile defence missile. To date, Avio solid propulsion has been used successfully in all of Ariane's over 220 launches, and in all of Vega's launches.

In the satellite field, the Avio Group has created propulsion subsystems for the ESA and ASI to place in orbit and control over 30 satellites, including most recently SICRAL and Small GEO.
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  • Ariane 6 launcher through the fully operational level, set for 2023, with a first flight scheduled in 2020
  • Airbus Safran launchers is the prime contractor for Ariane 6
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The European Space Agency (ESA) and Airbus Safran Launchers today signed a €2.4 billion contract covering the development of the Ariane 6 launcher in its two versions, Ariane 62 and 64. (c) Airbus Safran Launchers

The European Space Agency (ESA) and Airbus Safran Launchers today signed a €2.4 billion contract covering the development of the Ariane 6 launcher in its two versions, Ariane 62 and 64.

This contract includes, notably, a firm commitment of some €680 million for initial development activities (phases A & B) up to the Preliminary Design Review scheduled for mid-2016.

Beyond the contract signed today the total amount for the development of the launcher will be approximately €3 billion, including boosters to be shared by Ariane and Vega, as well as €400 million of industrial investment .

“The contract - signed within a matter of months of the historic decision taken by representatives of the ESA member states during the Ministerial Conference on 2 December 2014 in Luxembourg to build a latest generation European launcher - will see industry taking on the leading role in its design and marketing,” said Alain Charmeau, CEO of Airbus Safran Launchers. “Both our and our European industrial partners’ commitment is a sign of our determination to provide our customers, whether they be institutional or commercial, with a launcher that is as reliable as ever while being increasingly competitive and adapted to the rapidly evolving space market. I would once again like to thank the European Space Agency and the national agencies, in particular the CNES, the DLR and ASI, for their support and trust.”

The Airbus Safran Launchers teams will now finalise the design of the two versions of the Ariane 6 launcher and the accompanying industrialisation process as part of a new industrial structure established within Europe to improve efficiency.

About Airbus Safran Launchers
The creation of Airbus Safran Launchers opens a new chapter in the history of the launcher industry. Reflecting the joint ambition of Airbus Group and Safran to boost the European space industry to unscaled heights, our new company will develop innovative and competitive solutions by uniting the strengths of two leading contributors to modern launch vehicles.

Airbus Safran Launchers is equally owned, combining Airbus Defence and Space’s expertise in launchers (especially in France and Germany), and Safran’s expertise in liquid and solid rocket propulsion.

The goal of Airbus Safran Launchers is to provide comprehensive, advantageous solutions in this increasingly competitive market, based on a family of versatile, high-performance, cost-competitive launchers that meet the needs of both government and commercial customers.
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Miragedriver

Brigadier
Our Solar System May Have Had A Fifth 'Giant' Planet
The missing planet bumped into Neptune before disappearing into the abyss of space, according to a new study.

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The four
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-- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune -- may have a long-lost relative. According to a new study, our system was once home to a fifth gas giant that suddenly vanished some 4 billion years ago after a run-in with Neptune.

Indirect evidence for this lost world is seen in a strange cluster of icy objects -- called the "kernel" -- in
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. That's the vast region of
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beyond the orbit of Neptune.

"The Kuiper Belt is a perfect clue to understanding
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since its formation," study author Dr. David Nesvorny, an
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in Boulder, Colo., told New Scientist.

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For the study, Nesvorny created computer simulations of Neptune and the "kernel" cluster as they were 4 billion years ago in the early solar system. At the time, the cluster is believed to have been in Neptune's gravitational grasp. But then, according to the simulations, something happened to cause the cluster to escape Neptune's gravitational pull -- placing the cluster and Neptune in their present locations.

This is where the lost planet comes in: the simulations suggest that it must have been another gas giant that bumped Neptune and caused it and the "kernel" to part ways.

"The location and magnitude of Neptune's jump obtained in this model matches quite nicely the pattern that is needed for the formation of the 'kernel,'" Nesvorny told The Huffington Post in an email.

And according to the simulations, the planet couldn't have been one of the worlds currently in our solar system. The mysterious planet may have been
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after encountering Neptune.

In 2011,
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-- which involved thousands of computer simulations -- that suggested that the best way to explain the current orbits of the solar system's four giant planets was to include a
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.

"I tend to believe that it may be very difficult to find any evidence for the fifth planet," Nesvorny said in the email. "I started looking into [the] formation of the Kuiper Belt, because I was worried that the orbital structures seen there are inconsistent with my model. Now I realized that the opposite may be true. It was certainly a surprise."

What do other scientists think of Nesvorny's new study?

"What
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and getting multiple structures right at once, which is really quite amazing," Dr. J.J. Kavelaars, an
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in Victoria, British Columbia, who was not involved in the research, told Science magazine.

The new study was published online in
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on August 10, 2015.



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Miragedriver

Brigadier
Way to go India!!!!!:)


India's Mars orbiter sends stunning canyon photo
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The Ophir Chasma as photographed from India's orbiter. ISRO

Just in time for
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, the country's first interplanetary mission has sent back beautiful images of the Red Planet's surface.

The Indian Space Research Organisation's Mars Orbiter Mission was launched in November 2013 on a shoestring budget compared with other space missions. All up, it's
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, compared with NASA's
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, which launched around the same time.

India's mission, also known as Mangalyaan, which means "Mars-craft" in Sanskrit, has been something of a success story for the country's space agency. It is India's first attempt at an interplanetary mission -- and an ambitious one at that. Mars serves as the next major milestone in space exploration, and India is the first country to succeed in reaching the planet's orbit in its first attempt. More than
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, and India not only got it right on its first try, but it did so at record low cost.

Mangalyaan reached Mars orbit in September 2014. Since then it has monitored the planet, studying its atmosphere and particle environment. It's also been surveying the surface of Mars, sending back images taken with its Thermal Infrared Spectrometer and tricolour Mars Colour Camera.

The most recent one, snapped on July 19, shows a portion the Ophir Chasma, a deep canyon about 317km (197 miles) long and 62km (38.5 miles) wide.

"The word chasma has been designated by the International Astronomical Union to refer to an elongate, steep-sided depression," India's space agency
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.

"Ophir Chasma is part of the largest canyon system in the solar system known as Valles Marineris. The walls of the chasma contain many layers and the floors contain large deposits of layered materials. This image is taken...at an altitude of 1,857 km (1,154 miles) with a resolution of 96 megapixels."

The project's primary objective, while also aimed at collecting data from Mars, is to serve as a demonstration of India's ability to develop and implement interplanetary space technology.

You can check out more photos snapped by Mangalyaan on the
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.

Reference: CNET


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Miragedriver

Brigadier
Mystery of Saturn's 'F ring' cracked, says study

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Paris (AFP) - An enigmatic ring of icy particles circling Saturn, herded into a narrow ribbon by two tiny moons, was probably born of a cosmic collision, according to a study published Monday.

The so-called F ring, some 140,000 kilometres (87,000 miles) beyond the sixth planet from the Sun, orbits at the border between Saturn's other rings and several moons.

Further toward Saturn, millions of ice blocks populating the planet's haunting halos are prevented from cohering into moons by its powerful tidal forces.

Further out are Saturn's main moons, distant enough to have cohered into spheres with their own gravity: Mimas, Enceladus and Titan, which is the only moon in our Solar System with a substantial atmosphere.

And in the boundary zone F ring's icy particles whirl around the planet in a band barely 100 kilometres (60 miles) across, itself orbited by moons Prometheus and Pandora.

Scientists have long known that these so-called shepherd moons were partly responsible for keeping the F ring in tight formation.

What they did not know was how this unusual configuration came into being.

Ryuki Hyodo and Keiji Ohtsuki, astronomers from Kobe University in Japan, used computer simulations to show that Prometheus and Pandora are likely the by-product of a collision at the outer edge of Saturn's ring system.

Previous speculation along these lines concluded that two icy mini-moons crashing head-on would have simply disintegrated, adding yet another ring to Saturn's collection.

But what if the objects were made of something less fragile, and hit each other at an angle?

In that case, "such an impact results in only partial disruption" of the mini-moons as opposed to their total destruction, the authors conclude.

The collision would also produce "the formation of a narrow ring of particles" which becomes a new ring.

Hyodo and Ohtsuki further speculate that this sort of process might not be a once-off oddity but rather the "natural outcome" of ring formation under certain conditions for giant gas planets.

This "may explain not only Saturn's F ring, but also features of the Uranian system," Aurelien Crida, a scientist at France's National Centre for Scientific Research wrote in a comment, also in Nature Geoscience.

Saturn is the second largest planet in our Solar System after Jupiter, and has a radius about nine times greater than Earth.

Its spectacular ring system has nine complete rings and several discontinuous arcs, all of them mainly made of ice particles, with lesser amounts of rocky debris and dust.

Some 60 moons circle Saturn, not including hundreds of "moonlets" such as the F ring's Prometheus and Pandora.

Much of the data and high-resolution images we have from Saturn and its rings was collected by the Cassini space probe, which arrived near the giant planet in 2004.


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TerraN_EmpirE

Tyrant King
NASA EYES BIGELOW AEROSPACE’S B330 FOR POSSIBLE DEEP SPACE USE
JOE LATRELL
AUGUST 13TH, 2015
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Artist’s depiction of Bigelow Aerospace B330 inflatable habitat in orbit above the Moon. Image Credit Bigelow Aerospace


Bigelow Aerospace of Las Vegas, Nevada, has entered into a joint agreement with NASA to leverage the company’s B330 inflatable space habitat for use with NASA’s human space flight program. With the space agency eyeing deep space destinations – such as an asteroid and perhaps one day Mars – the systems could enable crews to travel deeper into the Solar System than humans have ever been to do before.

Using a NextSTEP contract, Bigelow will work with NASA to investigate how the B330 platform might be used to support robust, safe, and affordable human spaceflight to the Moon and Mars.

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Mockups of Bigelow Aerospace inflatable spacecraft at the company’s facilities. Photo Credit: Bigelow

“We’re eager to work with NASA to show how B330s can support historic human spaceflight missions to the Moon and other destinations in cislunar space while still staying within the bounds of the Agency’s existing budget,” said Bigelow Aerospace’s President and founder, Robert T. Bigelow. “NASA originally conceived of expandable habitats decades ago to perform beyond LEO missions, and we at Bigelow Aerospace look forward to finally bringing that vision to fruition.”

What is NextSTEP?:

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or Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships is a program that allows NASA to help promote the development of the private space sector while developing technologies it finds critical to further human spaceflight operations. These public-private partnerships seek to expand capabilities and opportunities in space. They are also designed, as NASA’s website says, “[…] to expand the frontiers of knowledge […].”

The B330:

The B330, unlike traditional space station habitats, is an inflatable design. The advantage is you gain more volume for a given mass. For example, the Destiny module on the International Space Station (ISS) is a 15-ton section with a volume of 3,743 cubic feet (106 cubic meters). The B330 has a mass of approximately 20 tons but has a gigantic 11,654 cubic feet (330 cubic meters) of interior volume.

The advantages of the inflatable habitat do not end there. The B330 has superior ballistics protection to the ISS, something to consider when dealing with potential micrometeorites. Any small object penetrating the outer Kevlar shell will break into many smaller pieces and become embedded in the flexible foam and Kevlar layers.

With 24 to 36 layers (depending on location) the B330 can be as hard as concrete when fully expanded. Additionally, the B330 has radiation shielding equivalent to the ISS to protect the crew from solar storms. The B330 is equipped with solar panels, thermal radiators, and large windows and is capable of supporting a crew of six.

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Bigelow Aerospace has already deployed two technology demonstrator models into low-Earth orbit. Photo Credit: Bigelow Aerospace

History of a modern balloon:

The B300 evolved from the Genesis I and II modules that Bigelow Aerospace had launched into space. Those technology demonstrators were born out of the NASA project known as TransHab.

The TransHab was an inflatable module designed for the ISS but was ultimately cancelled in 1999 due to budget constraints. The module would have provided a 4 level 27.5 feet (8.4 meters) diameter habitat for the astronauts.

After TransHab was cancelled, Bigelow worked with NASA on a technology transfer, giving Bigelow Aerospace exclusive rights to the technology. Using this technology, Bigelow designed, built and launched two technology demonstrators. They are still on orbit today. Genesis I was launched in 2006 with its sister ship launching in 2007. Both ships tested flight operations processes and onboard electronics and have performed above design specifications.

The B330 will initially be deployed to low-Earth orbit (LEO) for testing. The design will also be used for several private sector stations hosting a variety of commercial operations.

NASA has been directed to send a crew to retrieve part of an asteroid and tow into lunar orbit, and to send astronauts to Mars sometime in the 2030s; however, the agency’s current head, Charles Bolden, has stated the agency won’t be sending crews to the Moon anytime in the foreseeable future (according to a report appearing on
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).
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