There are many underlying reasons for domestic political issues during the Jiang Zemin era.
In the early stages of reform and opening up, China attracted a large influx of American capital, leading to the emergence of many fervent pro-American groups. This resulted in the first generation of Chinese students studying abroad after the reforms being extremely pro-American politically. To counterbalance this influence, China intentionally engaged with Japan, introducing Japanese capital to offset American influence. Consequently, pro-Japanese groups emerged in Shanghai in the early 21th century.
With the rise of domestic capital, I believe there is no doubt that Shanghai will once again shift its focus.
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