Correct. TELs are very suitable for China's terrain and doctrine. Nevertheless, they are still limited by geography. The enemy could estimate the likely launch points in China and attempt to nuke those areas to make them as inaccessible as possible.IDK for China, TELs are extremely survivable due to the terrain. Mountain, jungle, urban region, etc. Even rural road tunnels.
An SSBN can indeed be sunk by a single torpedo. But the enemy has to find it first. In the vast seas and oceans, that is very challenging indeed. TELs can hide in terrain. But SSBNs hide in the seas. China has to use a bastion to cover it's current generation of SSBNs. But when China's next generation of SSBNs are available, their deployment could be much more flexible. Either deployed in a Bastion, or sail and hide alone in the oceans.And unlike the sea which has to be actively defended, the land defends itself with cover and simply by being populated. A SSBN can get torpedoed even in the middle of a bastion because the ocean doesn't have any passive surveillance like the land does.
SAM batteries are smaller on land because of the limitations of the transport carrying them. It also helps that land-based SAMs can hide in terrain. But they can be just as easily destroyed if found.It's the same reason why land based SAMs are so deadly with just a battery of 12 missiles while ships have to have a battery of 100+ missiles and still get sunk or forced to retreat. Cover, concealment, passive surveillance from forward spotters, etc make a huge difference.
Ships carry lots of missiles because they can. Unlike land vehicles who can resupply relatively frequently on land. Ships could not resupply as often as sea. So they do need to carry more weapons to maximise their staying power at sea. But ships are still not submarines. They are surface vessels, and they can be found much easier than any submarine.
Looking at the bigger picture, I still think that China need a sizable SSBN force. If the US knows that there are Chinese SSBNs out at sea, it would understand that no matter how badly the Chinese land-based nukes and airfields were hit, their SSBNs are still lurking out there to exact the ultimate revenge.
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