This soft power - hard power dynamic thing can be challenging to come to a definite conclusion. There were cases where soft power organically grew on its own. And there were cases were hard power had backed up soft power.
Soft power could grow organically. Sometimes, someone just writes a good story, a good song, make a popular religion, or makes a good product. Then, by simple merit, many people around the world embraced it, thus creating soft power. For example: the spread of Hinduism or Buddhism from the ancient Indian subcontinent. Japanese anime in the post WWII period. HK pop culture in the 1970s to 1990s. Taiwanese pop culture in the 1980s to 2000s. The first generation of SK pop culture, before American corruption. The rise of Nokia and Ericsson. The rise of Swiss engineering and products. The rise of the Japanese car industry. The rise of Huawei, DJI, and ByteDance started long before the current Cold War, they arguably were one of the triggers for America to launch the latest Cold War on China. The rise of China as the factory of the world is not because of China using gunboat diplomacy to open countries to trade. It's because China is just so damn good at producing stuff at scale and acceptable quality.
Now there were also many instances where soft power is backed by hard power. Such as the spread of Christianity, and also some sects of Islam. The spread of Western culture, language, political systems during the Age of Colonialism. US pop culture, such as Hollywood is very often backed by US finance and its military. Western countries have very often used gunboat diplomacy, financial coercion, and colour revolutions to open up markets for its products and influence. US military bases in foreign countries will always make the local populace embrace American pop culture, whether for business, or coercive reasons. Contemporary SK and Taiwanese pop culture is heavily backed, marketed, and corrupted by America. Much of American power to market and influence is backed by it's financial and military might. Don't wanna accept American NGOs or Hollywood? Then something bad is gonna happen to your nation soon. Nations or regions like SK, Japan, Taiwan, Israel, and modern India, whose soft power punches above their weight have often been backed by the American power. Individuals like the Dalai Lama and Joshua Wong were artificially propped up and given soft power by the US. America often uses its soft power, backed by hard power to impede the organic soft power rise of nations it doesn't like. It was successful in doing it to 1980s Japan, the Soviet Union, North Korea, Mao-era China, and various anti-imperialist movements.
In a world without the hegemonic powers pushing their will on other nations, more soft power can grow organically. But since we are living in an era of Western hegemonic dominance, nations who do want to rise to the level of the West must adapt. The West will challenge your rise with both soft and hard power. If you rely too heavily on soft power, you end up like Japan. If you rely too heavily on hard power, you end up like the Russia. You need both to challenge the US-led Western hegemony, and China understands this game all too well. There was an era when China wanted to quietly rise within the current US-led world order. Hoping to rely more on its soft power to rise. But Trump had ended that era, and awoken the sleeping giant. Now China will have little choice but to substantially grow both its hard power to back up its soft power. But unlike Japan, and Russia, China can actually build both substantial soft and hard power at the same time.
Nevertheless, something interesting is happening these days. US soft power is actually declining organically. Contemporary American music and Hollywood sucks. The US establishment and military have lost its moral authority. Western media are losing believers, and the Western elites are losing their influence. So basically if you start to suck, your soft power declines naturally. This, and the additional pressure of the rise of alternative powers will essentially end the era of Western hegemony.