When the principles were established in the 1970's you could start thinking about how to design a stealthy aircraft just as when the principles of aircraft design were established around 1900. But the developent of computers and of computer programs for aircraft aerodynamics, structures, stability and control has made the design of aircraft in general much more certain, so the design of LO aspects of aircraft, that was magic around 1990, has now also become better estabished.
This meant design a number of simple shapes, put them in an anechoid chamber, radiate radio waves at them, measure the reflections in many directions and compare them with the reflections expected according to the theoretical model. Then you improve the model, test more complex shapes and continue to improve the model. I understand China began this development around 1990 so in twenty years a lot of work will have been done to remove the magic from LO design. Think also about the immense development in super computers in that period. The same development took place in other countries and anecdotes about that magic from years ago are not relevant anymore. You need to test your aircraft of course, just as you need flight testing for every new aircraft, but there is no reason think the shape of J-20 is in any way inferiour to that of F-22. The reverse is more likely. I let others comment on the development of the radar absorbing materials.