First of all, It's the B variant that really screwed the F-35, not the C variant.
Second of all, it's not unreasonable for China to take the Russian route of modifying air force fighters into carrier-borne fighters. It'll depend on how many carriers and how big of an air wing China requires. With only a couple of smaller carriers, it made no sense for the Russians to design an entirely new aircraft, so Mig-29K and Su-33 would do. With 11 supercarriers, it made a whole lot of sense for the Americans to design a whole new aircraft.
Of course, with the F-35, not only did they not do that, they went a step further and incorporated the B variant into the design. I'm sure China will be keen NOT to emulate that, unless they want a small strike aircraft with great sensors, which is what the F-35 is.