Actually, much more than adding the Vulcan cannon occurred through the upgrades to the F-4. The first true, in service, production Phantoms had the J-79-GE-8,-8A and -8B engines of 10,900 lbf dry, and 16,950 afterburner thrust. They also had the Westinghouse APQ-72 radar (pulse only), an Texas Instruments AAA-4 IRST pod under the nose, an AJB-3 nuclear weapons delivery system. Later, the aircraft was redesigned and equipped with J-79-GE-10 engines of 17,844 lbf (79.374 kN) afterburner thrust, the Westinghouse AWG-10 Fire Control System (which included the world's first operational Look Down Shoot Down Pulse Doppler radar), and a new integrated missile control system and expanded ground attack capability. Later, after another significant upgrade, the smokeless J-79-GE-17 smokeless engines were added with of 17,900 lbf (79.379 kN) afterburner thrust, the new AWG-10B radar with digitized circuitry, a Honeywell VTAS (Visual Target Acquisition Set) with helmet sight, still classified avionics improvements, some airframe reinforcement and leading edge slats for enhanced maneuvering. All of these were in addition to the cannon.
To imply that the F-4 Phantom II did not improve substantially in terms of engines, fire control, avionics, structure, and manuevering over its life is just incorrect. It was a significantly different and improved aircraft when all was said and done...which is similar to the types of changes being seen in Chinese upgrades to their aircraft. BTW, Wolf, Kwaig served on US aircraft carriers with these aircraft and knows whereof he speaks.
Specific structural changes are not all that should be considered when talking about serious upgrades to an aircraft, though the later F-16E/F Mod 60 aircraft are complete new builds.
For example, the F-14, in addition to the original TF-30 engines being replaced with GE F110-400 engines, the later upgrades also included newer digital avionics systems, a complete new glass cockpit, they replaced the AWG-9 with the newer AN/APG-71 radar. Other new systems included the Airborne Self Protection Jammer (ASPJ), Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS), SJU-17(V) Naval Aircrew Common Ejection Seats (NACES) and Infra-red search and track (IRST). All of these required significant change in the wiring and computing included within the arcraft, and was why complete new letter designations (like J-10 to J-10B) wre used to designate them.
The same is true of the other aircraft. The F-15C is a hugely upgraded and better aircraft than the original F-15s.
As I stated, the F-16E/F Block 60 is a completely new build aircraft, and the US did not wait to introduce the F-16 for those types of innovations. In fact, generally, in almost all cases, the US does not wait for these types upgrades, they produce the initial aircraft by the hundreds, and then upgrade them, or build completely new version of the aircraft to account fo the needed changes.
Well, the US built the F-104 as an interim solution until the F-106 was ready.
Still, hundreds were built and they served with the US Air Force from 1958-1969, and then on in the National Guard until 1975. 17 years of service for about 300 aircraft.
Other nations bought them (new builds) and they served with Germany, Japan, Turkey, Canada, and Italy...Italy retiring their last aircraft in 2004. So, while it was an interim solution, and did not fulfill all the requirements the US was looking for (they had to wait for the F-106 for that), it really was not what you might call a "lemon," and it did undergo significant changes in its history. I could recount them all here, but they were similar to the upgrades the US performed on its other major aircraft as shown in the above examples.
Yes, it is OT, and I will stop here. But I wanted to let other readers know that the changes to these US aircraft were significant...and in may ways at least as significant as the J-10 to J-10B, and J-11B upgrades the PRC is doing to its aircraft, and what I have no doubt they will do to the J-20 as well over it's life.