wonder why they didn't use rockets. a rocket straf on the super structure would prob disable the ship's function as good as a iron bomb.
Last edited:
J-10 Thread III (Closed to posting)
- Thread starter crobato
- Start date
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wonder why they didn't use rockets. a rocket straf on the super structure would prob disable the ship's function as good as a iron bomb.
plawolf
Lieutenant General
I think it was because they were aiming to sink as many RN ships as possible instead of just mission killing them.
I also don't think they were aware of the issue of impacting bombs not detonating until after the end of the conflict. If they had known at the time, perhaps they would have switched to rockets or used different tactics.
I also don't think they were aware of the issue of impacting bombs not detonating until after the end of the conflict. If they had known at the time, perhaps they would have switched to rockets or used different tactics.
A Good Article To Read (A Lot Of Useful Information)
The Google Translation:
" the most detailed performance analysis of the Chinese Air Force fighter -10B fighter (ZT)
Light and heavy machine controversy
Some say that J-10 is a lightweight, J-11 is the heavy machine, air combat performance and J-10 over the J-11 is not a grade. Ruthless answered the question: J-10 and SU-27SK, held in 2006 in confrontation, one J-10 4 SU-27SK, first enemies found that first opened fire on the enemy, and achieved an impressive record of 4:0.
J-10 is not light, the air weighs about 8.6 tons, maximum takeoff weight of about 19.2 tons, belongs to the medium machine; FC-1, JAS-39, is the light (2.2MH J-10, maximum speed, maximum static ceiling almost 21,000 metres, the maximum ceiling more than 22,000 m, maximum range of 3,500 km, the maximum combat radius of 1350 km, maximum bomb load 7 tons). If in the 90 's, SU-27SK is also an excellent fighter, but into the 21st century, its avionics, weapons have significantly behind. J-11 SU-27SK Chinese production version, 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, a total of 5 batches, about 100, domestic production levels gradually increase. Basic is original, 00-02 SU-27SK;03,, 04 gradually switched domestic radar, such as avionics, in part to launch home-made PL-12 missiles, combat effectiveness greatly increased. At present most of the old J-11 avionics have been upgraded, previously only emission of semi-active R-27, capable of launching the initiative of R-77 after the upgrade, combat effectiveness enhanced. But neither switched domestic production of new avionics J-11, was also upgraded and old J-11, in numerous confrontations in recent years, are not J-10 opponent.
Heavy machine body in terms of carrying ability, voyage, and combat radius, empty for a long time with delay; avionics side, due to more space, you can use larger and more complex equipment (such as a larger diameter radar), performance is stronger, more fully featured. So under the same technical level, stronger-than-light heavy air combat performance machine – but this premise is the same technology.
Three generations of aerodynamic design has such a development process: energy of the 70 's maneuver → fault of transient maneuver → 80 90-speed maneuvering (Super maneuver). SU-27SK is a typical energy tactical fighter, momentary tactical theory born Typhoon, European 3.5 generation such as wind, eagle lion. Transient maneuvering stresses the instantaneous change in head points to in air combat, combined with large off-axis angle-launched missiles, to attack the enemy. Theory of transient maneuver in China is the product of J-10. J-10 owing to lack of engine thrust, push is not high, energy motor theory, its steady SU-27SK does not prevail, but he has much SU-27SK excellent blink disk (31), fighting often are given priority in the lock SU-27SK. Traditional of concept think, duck wing of stall welcomes angle for 35 of, this is Israel people made to of, later for States by attention, France of gusts on will maximum welcomes angle limit in 28 of, China of fighter -10 is limit in 26 of (SU-27 for 28 of), so aviation territories General thought in large welcomes angle performance aspects, duck wing than general layout, because duck wing of stall welcomes angle limit has duck wing of large welcomes angle performance. However, in post-stall flight, the test pilots found another phenomenon in China, that is, fighter- -10 high angle of attack control performance far exceeds that of Su-27 (fighter- -10 fly Cobra maneuver angle over the Su-27). This information first by src members subjected to disclosure, but widely questioned by the held traditional view users. Chengfei research, proof of src members subjected to claims.
J-10 not only have superior instantaneous discs, digital telexes (J-11 is the analogue fax), flying fire-cross-linking technology, substantially relax the static instability (11%) and the integrated pneumatic control technology (90) to bring its superior agility and flying qualities. J-10 air combat fighting performance, in serving all aircraft in China, you can use the "toughness" two words to describe.
J-10 advantage lies in its outstanding mobile performance for supersonic. If second generation fighter emphasize high-altitude high-speed, three generations of machine emphasized low altitude, the Asian wrestling around transonic performance, four generations of machine part stress of supersonic maneuvering (Super tour, Super maneuverability). SU-27SK maximum speed greater than J-10 (SU-27 max 2.35MH,J-10 max 2.2MH), but under standard air combat mounting (4-2) fell to its maximum speed in 1.7MH, and J-10 (2 of 2) are larger than 1.9MH, and has better maneuverability in the supersonic stage. In the fighting in SU-27SK and J-10, often playing however, running out of the situation.
NextPage]
J-10 airspace, full speed is a full air superiority fighter and before 2010, J-10 Taiwan is always in air combat King.
J-10 in 2004, while serving, avionics system is not perfect; 05 began to improve, the successor of each batch has a new improved old batches have been updated. Forums generally known as J-10A.
J-11 has not stopped its feet, Western design standards, China's avionics technology J-11B the first flight in 2003 (use also is said to be analog fax), 2007 training and service. J-11B planned Taihang using home-made engine, but due to the line performance is not stable at that time, a regiment of J-11B still use the first batch of AL-31F. 2008-2009 the first half, Taihang continued not to force, J-11B accumulate a lot of body no engine available. The second half of 2009, so basically solve the problem, J-11B began mass service in late 2009 or early 2010. Currently about 80.
First batch install AL-31F J-11B performance is not stable, several problems, has been 2010 years ago do not form an effective combat strength. 2010 and J-10A against it was not clear, there was talk a confrontational, but results are not very satisfactory. Taihang version J-11B, may this year and J-10A against, individuals are looking forward to.
J-10A 1473 radar probably 700mm in diameter, 3 m? found effective the target distance is about 120 km, J-11B 1493 radar approximately 960 mm in diameter, 3 m? found effective the target distance is about 150 km. J-11B seemingly in BvR attacks on J-10A advantage. But it's actually not that easy.
In modern air combat, air combat began on both sides were silent flight, by the early-warning aircraft providing enemy targets in general position. About 80 km apart on both sides open radar search and track goals, began launching missile attacks, about 40 km. J-11B the benefits of the radar distance advantage is not obvious, and its larger RCS offset that advantage.
J-10 in the first flight in 1998, 2004, train service, at present over more than 200 the number. J-10 when you first open, State media have said it is 3.5, and was renamed after 3 generations. The reason is that J-10 has advanced design concepts, but the lack of engine thrust, avionics, weapons performance advanced enough, and, like J-11B, now used primarily for air superiority combat, Earth is not strong.
In 2008, J-10B its first flight, the first official birth of the true 3.5 generation fighters.
Second, J-10B
J-10B compared with J-10A, overall there has been a noticeable change:
1, inlet becomes a DSI ("clam") inlet. J-10 for high-altitude high-speed performance, using a complex dual three-wave system can be paged in the airway, weight increased. DSI is the latest in technology, he applied in the United States on the latest F-35. Compared with the conventional intake, DSI canceled insulating layers, greatly reduces the weight. United States on F-16 test results show that DSI than complex intake reduces 182KG. Total pressure recovery factor is important indicator of intake, decline in total number of Restorer line 1%, engine thrust down 1.1%~1.6%. DSI is conducive to raising inlet total pressure recovery factor, improving the actual thrust of the engine. These two advantages make push than the effective promotion of J-10B. Another large benefit of DSI is separated boundary layer road was canceled this radar source, significantly reduced RCS. In addition, DSI can reduce costs, improve reliability.
Previously there were claims that DSI rather poor high speed performance. United States and the F-16 tests, the DSI when 0.6-1.2MH, total pressure recovery factor 0.98 per cent, but in 2.0MH, just 0.74 per cent. Because there are fears that DSI used can significantly reduce the J-10 of high-altitude high-speed performance. This worry is unnecessary, technology is always in development. Test results of a certain type of intake in China is, in 1.8MH total pressure recovery factor to 0.91, at the time of 2.0MH to 0.87, better than the General three-wave system inlet.
J-10 inlet becomes a DSI ("clam") inlet.
Reportedly J-10B equipped with AESA (active phase array radar).
2, head from the original cone-shaped into oval-shaped, to play on the air before entering the inlet compression. Head slightly down, improves vision. Nose radome and Union place it as a backward slash, it is understood that this suggests that its equipment AESA (active phased array radar).
For the development of radar: mechanical radar → PESA (passive phased array radar) → AESA (active phased array radar). AESA is and four generations earlier technology, besides equipment generation 4 machines, is also used to equip and upgrade 3.5 or even 3 generations. Compared with mechanical radar, AESA detecting distance farther, higher precision, reflect faster, more targeted attacks more powerful and more functionality, anti-interference ability is stronger, more reliable. After adopting some technology, stealth more power.
Compared with mechanical radar, AESA sharp increase in detection range, United States or even claim to have increased 100%. Now gradually entering an era of stealth, conventional radar on stealth aircraft, stealth cruise missile such RCS reflection small target detection distance is very short, such as J-10 on the RCS of 0.03 (such as F-22) discovery of the sharp drop in distance of 30 km or so, in short distance under electromagnetic interference environment. AESA greater detection range, high detection accuracy to enable him to detect such small targets has great advantages. Multiple target attack ability is 3 generations began to claim, usually to track both 8-10 target, blow and 2-4. But this ability on 3 machines are not practical. Because the fighters have a high level of mobility, when conventional radar to lock on to a target, it is difficult to continue to lock on to another target, so the 3 generation of general attack a single target at a time, unless you have the face of a maneuvering target. AESA fighter truly has the ability. 3 generation of quiet in the air war began to fly, because of its once opened radar search, just like flashlights in the dark, it is easy to be early-warning system to detect each other. This issue is more important to stealth aircraft. Modern wars are accompanied by strong electromagnetic interference, this allows the radar detection range significantly shorter. AESA radar F-22 effectively solves both problems, through the use of technologies such as radio frequency management, the other is more difficult to find its radar radiation of electromagnetic waves, it is rather difficult to be interference. AESA lays the Foundation to achieve this functionality. AESA fighters also have more features such as electronic warfare, with more reliability.
United States equipment AESA earlier, as early as 2000 started it as a F-15C modified AESA, but at that time big and heavy and the radar transmitter units consumes much. With launch of new smaller unit AESA radar equipment of various types/refit beginning in 2004, F-22, F-16block60 (take-out), F-15C of F-18E/F of 2005 and 2010. Current United States was considering for his F-16C switched to AESA. 3.5 generation of Europe, gusts to 2013 when the AESA, Typhoon plan 2015 JAS-39NG is only validated machine. Russia in 2014 service SU-35BM (SU-27SM2) equipment is PESA; rather, the MiG-35 has its own AESA, but "600mm, 680 transceiver unit, detection range of 130 km in diameter" configuration is rather tragic. Japan in 2000 service F-2 is also equipped with AESA, but this radar performance is tragedy, only 40 km to space exploration, and often lost target.. Is said to be now resolved the issue, return to normal.
J-10B low-volume production by the end, its radar with 1000-1200 sending and receiving unit, 3 m? found effective the target distance to 160-180 km/h, has caught up with the trend of world development.
3, switched diffraction HUD, head fitted with IRST (infrared search and track system). Diffraction of HUD, which is commonly referred to as wide-angle holographic HUD. Compared with the refraction of HUD, its field of view greater (conducive to weapon targeting and night flights), exterior perspective rates, character reflection rate higher. Diffraction HUD technology in the application are common 3.5-generation fighter, first applied to the J-11B. AESA radar while an effective solution to the issue of radiation and interference, but it cannot be completely avoided. IRST passive detection not only hard to find, in terms of detecting stealth aircraft and also has good results. And with more features. F-22 is achieved through a passive receiver system of this function. According to said J-10B IRST to track at the 60KM stealth aircraft, 30KM nm distances have identify enemy aircraft and formation, statistics, display number of enemy aircraft, the missile's ability to provide guidance.
4, the installation of vertical tail electronic module and electronic pods under the wings. Fighters of the electronic warfare capability is very important and crucial ability. This heavy duty machine for light machine enjoy certain advantages. J-10B added a pair of hanging points under the wings, add a pair of e-pods (allegedly the pods can be removed), with the vertical tail electronic cabin, greatly strengthening the electronic warfare capability.
5, J-10B vertical tail, pelvic fins cutting angle process, this will help to improve high speed performance, demonstrates its high altitude high speed pursuit. J-10B improved the wing structure (Airfoil unchanged), increasing a pair of hanging points (for electronic warfare equipment), increasing the amount of oil the wing. Use a composite wing skins, reduce the weight of the wing structure but also to strengthen the wing strength.
J-10 is the first domestic permission to digital telexes canard aircraft, because of the canard balancing complex, for fear of cross-coupled section is egg-shaped nose and canard when induced by high angle longitudinal diverge, so using a cross as round nose. As J-8II 3 waves of inlet technologies reserves, so using abdominal 3 wave system inlet. After 2000 due to DSI inlet going, subsequently, FC-1 DSI inlet to practise, DSI has a more in-depth study of inlet. Due to the successful development and equipment of J-10 forces, against all permission to digital telexes study on aerodynamic characteristics of canard taken to new levels, has been the capture of egg-shaped nose and coupled canard aerodynamic problems. On this basis, the development of fair in the lower half of the fuselage before the egg-shaped fuselage with coupled more fuselage before the excellent canard aerodynamic configuration, improved lifting and available at high angles.
J10B of overall pneumatic appearance on across Sonic area rate and supersonic area rate for has depth optimization (improve supersonic performance of key), again design has Qian fuselage, and vertical tail, and pelvic fins, replaced has new of main wing (wing type Basic does not variable, used has more of composites), next-generation of DSI into gas road high speed design points for 2.0MH, in twice times Sonic Shi may provides of total pressure recovery good Yu 3 wave Department into gas road, in 2.2MH Shi total pressure recovery still keep in higher level; low altitude design points for 1.2MH. Optimized aerodynamic shape in Asia, across and within the envelope of supersonic drag reduction effect is clear, sub/cross/supersonic Lift-to-drag ratio increased acceleration performance is improved. Canard 4 generations fly systems have excellent balance high/low performance. Actual flight test results showed that J-10B high-altitude high-speed than J-10A OK, mobile quality better, within its wide flight envelope (0~2.3MH) each stage has a better acceleration performance, practical maximum speed, service ceiling and rate of climb than J10A. High altitude bomb case (simulation of bullet) speed and maximum static ceiling has been increased and stable hover performance improvement is encouraging, digital flight control at maximum angle limits up to about 30 °.
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J-10B improving the aerodynamic performance of a pleasant surprise, but the real highlight is its avionics and weapons upgrade. Someone says: "in fact, even on the 10B AESA is also not something to be excited-other avionics of the pace of change and is about much more than a plane can be packed AESA. 10B avionics architecture and performance indicators is to some extent refer to the standard gem of the F-22 column, such as independent flight control, fire control, switch to a new generation of integrated CIP (common information processing machines). "J10B uses a new generation of avionics systems, including improved flight control system, the latest supporting airborne phased array radar, (active/passive) electronic warfare systems released electro-optical radar, the system updates no less than 70%.
J-10B significantly increase the amount of composite materials using, try reducing the RCS process, in addition to DSI inlet, body modification, a minimize appearances out of the body, the traveling light to half-buried, the cooling air inlet from outside the convex to accessory embedded ... J-10B in the process of upgrading a large, RCS reduced by an order of magnitude, similar to the typhoon, wind and F-18E/F. J-10B RCS of less than 1M?, is the smallest of our Army currently serving fighters in the RCS aircraft types.
601 and 611 common competition in China for four generations, starting 601 calls the larger, 611 for backup at that time, J-10 there are many modification. But after four generations beginning with flower 611,611 up the main force on the transfer to a four-generation. After 08, J-10 other programmes were suspended, 10 modified comprehensive steering DSI singles programme, discussion on board the vessel to the possibility of finally packed in air-driven, enhanced air superiority performance, develop multi-purpose ability, completely give up on board the vessel. Identify 10 modified as 3.5-generation production machines at that time, and 4 on behalf of some technology validation, to March 4-generation avionics (on the course, including the AESA).
J-10B airborne equipment, radar, avionics and heavy 4 generations of air machine is different, but J10B airborne equipment, radar, avionics is also arranged in 4 standard development, you can do 4 generation first edition of the standard practice. No experience in first practice, heavy air and 4 generation of airborne equipment, radar, avionics for money likely to interfere with each other or without levels, this can lead to severe 4 generations of air development budget exceeded, plus long preparation period, train delayed. J10B as 4 air airborne equipment, radar, avionics, and the supporting arms, structured exercise object technology, new materials technology, production technology, accumulate experience. J10 modification will always exist, is improving (re-4 service prior to) air force needs of combat effectiveness, second is heavy-4 compliant development of empty machine may encounter obstacles, shoulder part 4 research and risk. 4 research and independent funding, J10 modification is also independent of funding. J10 remodel 4 approximation, some weighing 4 scientific research and experiment in sharing risks, 4 research and act as a multiplier effect, the ultimate vest improved version will use standard 4-generation in single machine with avionics.
09 first write J-10B profiling article, I guess next-generation fighting elastic-PL-10 State. 2 years later, we see on the long-range air-to-air missile development in our country, such as various modification and PL-21 remote PL-12 stamping missiles. Can visualize J-10B fit the new far, and short-range, air combat abilities will even stronger. After 2006, precision ground attack munitions have also earned considerable development, species have been greatly enriched. J-10B itself developing a multi-purpose capability, combined with new ammunition, ground attack capabilities have been enhanced.
J-10B is currently the biggest problem was the engine. J-10 involvement in engine thrust is not large enough, the performance is limited, too line of engines has been unstable. 09 first write J-10B profiling article, Taihang engine drag-and-J-10B I'm worried about the progress. Now 2 years later, things did not find the essence of the change, so although a lot of equipment J-11B service, but the test is still going on in J-10. J-10B start will continue to load AL-31FN service, probably at the end of a small batch production. Currently is said to have received the order for the two groups.
Heard in the air ready to spend a lot of money developing the engine level, and brag about how how fast the development will ... We ignore these vaunted, but can also be seen, although a little depressing, but Outlook is still very good.
We admire the SU-35, SU-37, MIG 1.44, S-37, envy gust, Typhoon, Gripen, envy over the MiG-35, SU-35BM, envy, F-22 and F-35. Now we finally have a catch up with the world advanced level fighter, although away from the F-22/F-35 there is a big gap, however, and other 3.5 generation fighters in the same grade. J-10B, we are no longer envy double wind. We even started to think, JAS-39C/D rather than J-10A and start discussion on the comparison of FC-1 and JAS-39..
Current United States aircraft carrier fighter on 3.5-generation F-18E/F, based in Japan F-15C has also been upgraded to 3.5. Korea, and Japan, and India is planning to purchase 3.5-generation fighter, tiny Singapore has been equipped with a 3.5-generation F-15SG. Four generations of F-22 served in 2004, a total of more than more than 180, will start at the end of a gradual upgrade, now often in Japan Okinawa. F-35 are a large number of test flights, in the next few years will also be served. After 2017, F-35 will gradually into surrounding countries such as Japan, and Korea, and Australia. J-20 was first flight in January. The advent of the J-20, marking China's aviation industry began to catch up with Europe, into the threshold of a world-class air force. But involvement in the engine, the J-20 is only at the first stage. Later switched to a new generation of WS-15, on the body modification again, continue test flights until the equipment. WS-15 about delivered in 2016, J-20 perfect Edition service time is probably 2018-2020 years. In these 8 years, who is going to defend China's territorial airspace?
Is production of J-11B belong to 3 generations, J-11BS for J-11B dual-plane of the first flight in 2007, has started equipment; the first flight in 2009, is J-15 is the carrier of a test flight, performance similar J-11B; in the second half of the first flight of the J-16 fighter bombers such as the SU-30MKK (sharp upgrade in avionics, weapons). This important responsibility to the J-10B of the body. J-10B can be effective against peripheral 3.5 generation fighter; in the defensive system against, against F-35.
Third, the J-10B in other countries.
Rumours have been in Pakistan ready to purchase 36 J-10, arrival time is about 2014. Under arrival time the real model should be J-10B time. J-10A domestic prices closer to $ 30 million, about 54 million J-11B, flying Leopard a about 24 million. FC-1 takeout price 150.02 billion, J-10A currently exports about 40 million, about 55 million J-10B. Current 3.5 generation on the international market and the price is: Typhoon 120 million, gusts of 110 million, F-15SG 100 million, F-18E/F 90 million, F-16E/F 80 million, JAS-39NG 80 million, the MiG-35; SU-30MKK of three generations of 60 million. Compared with the same grade aircraft, J-10B can be described as excellent.
Pakistan currently 34 F-16Block15OCU, is being F-16Block50 avionics upgrade for the other countries, is expected in 2014 the upgrade is complete. Pakistan purchased 18 new F-16Block50/52, all arriving at the end. Pakistan may also buy 18 F-16Block50/52 is expected. So until 2014 or so, Pakistan will have 70 F-16Block50/52 fighters. Since 2007, receiving the first batch of 8 JF-17,2009 year started receiving the second batch of 40 JF-17, the current total of Pakistan has received over more than 30. Behind the JF-17 of delivery is estimated to be stable at speed of 20/year. In 2014, Pakistan will receive about 100 JF-17. Subsequent batches is estimated to be compared to great improvement, such as stealth modification, replacement AESA, install, such as IRST. Such until 2014, Pakistan has 170 modern generation fighters.
India bought 18 SU-30K;2002-2004 year bought in 1997-1999 32 SU-30MKI. 2004 India HAL company began Assembly production SU-30MKI in 2014, total production 90 are now producing nearly 70. India ordered 40 aircraft in 2007, SU-30MKI,2011-2012 year delivery 2009 ordered 50 SU-30MKI 2013-2014 for delivery. 2010 ordered 42 more SU-30MKI, which is scheduled for 2014 by HAL company began Assembly in 2018, production is complete. India currently has MiG -29K a total of 16 aircraft, plans to buy 29. India started 63 older MiG-29 upgrade my meter -29UPG (upgrade cost 15 million/frame), 51 Phantom of old -2000H I upgrade my phantom -2000-5 (upgrade cost 40 million/frame). India's homemade light fighters served in January 2011, production of about 10 per year. So that by 2014, India will have 230 SU-30MKI -29UPG, 50, 60 m Mirage -2000-5 -29K, 40, 40 m LCA and so a total of 420 of three generations of modern fighters.
India, not satisfied with these, it is in full swing preparing to buy 126 3.5 generation fighters. Is being determined is buying double the wind or a F-18E/F.. After 2014 India is prepared to once again its SU-30MKI cluster upgrade.
Faced several times with his enemies, in particular, face the future more than 126 much more modern 3.5-generation fighters, Pakistan air force was F-16 Block50/52, or JF-17, are often be limited. Pakistan plans to buy more second hand F-16A/B and improved on the one hand, to complement the number on the other, Pakistan thought of China, think of the Chinese J-10B. In fact, there was talk of Pakistan has been a research and development of Interventional J-10B..
J-10B effective against India next 3.5 generation fighter and India on another 3 generations of machines forming performance of repression. If FC-1 to after Pakistan, is located on the F-16 after the Block50/52 of second-line machine, then after J-10B to Pakistan is located on the F-16 before Block50/52 of high end machine..
The Google Translation:
" the most detailed performance analysis of the Chinese Air Force fighter -10B fighter (ZT)
Light and heavy machine controversy
Some say that J-10 is a lightweight, J-11 is the heavy machine, air combat performance and J-10 over the J-11 is not a grade. Ruthless answered the question: J-10 and SU-27SK, held in 2006 in confrontation, one J-10 4 SU-27SK, first enemies found that first opened fire on the enemy, and achieved an impressive record of 4:0.
J-10 is not light, the air weighs about 8.6 tons, maximum takeoff weight of about 19.2 tons, belongs to the medium machine; FC-1, JAS-39, is the light (2.2MH J-10, maximum speed, maximum static ceiling almost 21,000 metres, the maximum ceiling more than 22,000 m, maximum range of 3,500 km, the maximum combat radius of 1350 km, maximum bomb load 7 tons). If in the 90 's, SU-27SK is also an excellent fighter, but into the 21st century, its avionics, weapons have significantly behind. J-11 SU-27SK Chinese production version, 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, a total of 5 batches, about 100, domestic production levels gradually increase. Basic is original, 00-02 SU-27SK;03,, 04 gradually switched domestic radar, such as avionics, in part to launch home-made PL-12 missiles, combat effectiveness greatly increased. At present most of the old J-11 avionics have been upgraded, previously only emission of semi-active R-27, capable of launching the initiative of R-77 after the upgrade, combat effectiveness enhanced. But neither switched domestic production of new avionics J-11, was also upgraded and old J-11, in numerous confrontations in recent years, are not J-10 opponent.
Heavy machine body in terms of carrying ability, voyage, and combat radius, empty for a long time with delay; avionics side, due to more space, you can use larger and more complex equipment (such as a larger diameter radar), performance is stronger, more fully featured. So under the same technical level, stronger-than-light heavy air combat performance machine – but this premise is the same technology.
Three generations of aerodynamic design has such a development process: energy of the 70 's maneuver → fault of transient maneuver → 80 90-speed maneuvering (Super maneuver). SU-27SK is a typical energy tactical fighter, momentary tactical theory born Typhoon, European 3.5 generation such as wind, eagle lion. Transient maneuvering stresses the instantaneous change in head points to in air combat, combined with large off-axis angle-launched missiles, to attack the enemy. Theory of transient maneuver in China is the product of J-10. J-10 owing to lack of engine thrust, push is not high, energy motor theory, its steady SU-27SK does not prevail, but he has much SU-27SK excellent blink disk (31), fighting often are given priority in the lock SU-27SK. Traditional of concept think, duck wing of stall welcomes angle for 35 of, this is Israel people made to of, later for States by attention, France of gusts on will maximum welcomes angle limit in 28 of, China of fighter -10 is limit in 26 of (SU-27 for 28 of), so aviation territories General thought in large welcomes angle performance aspects, duck wing than general layout, because duck wing of stall welcomes angle limit has duck wing of large welcomes angle performance. However, in post-stall flight, the test pilots found another phenomenon in China, that is, fighter- -10 high angle of attack control performance far exceeds that of Su-27 (fighter- -10 fly Cobra maneuver angle over the Su-27). This information first by src members subjected to disclosure, but widely questioned by the held traditional view users. Chengfei research, proof of src members subjected to claims.
J-10 not only have superior instantaneous discs, digital telexes (J-11 is the analogue fax), flying fire-cross-linking technology, substantially relax the static instability (11%) and the integrated pneumatic control technology (90) to bring its superior agility and flying qualities. J-10 air combat fighting performance, in serving all aircraft in China, you can use the "toughness" two words to describe.
J-10 advantage lies in its outstanding mobile performance for supersonic. If second generation fighter emphasize high-altitude high-speed, three generations of machine emphasized low altitude, the Asian wrestling around transonic performance, four generations of machine part stress of supersonic maneuvering (Super tour, Super maneuverability). SU-27SK maximum speed greater than J-10 (SU-27 max 2.35MH,J-10 max 2.2MH), but under standard air combat mounting (4-2) fell to its maximum speed in 1.7MH, and J-10 (2 of 2) are larger than 1.9MH, and has better maneuverability in the supersonic stage. In the fighting in SU-27SK and J-10, often playing however, running out of the situation.
NextPage]
J-10 airspace, full speed is a full air superiority fighter and before 2010, J-10 Taiwan is always in air combat King.
J-10 in 2004, while serving, avionics system is not perfect; 05 began to improve, the successor of each batch has a new improved old batches have been updated. Forums generally known as J-10A.
J-11 has not stopped its feet, Western design standards, China's avionics technology J-11B the first flight in 2003 (use also is said to be analog fax), 2007 training and service. J-11B planned Taihang using home-made engine, but due to the line performance is not stable at that time, a regiment of J-11B still use the first batch of AL-31F. 2008-2009 the first half, Taihang continued not to force, J-11B accumulate a lot of body no engine available. The second half of 2009, so basically solve the problem, J-11B began mass service in late 2009 or early 2010. Currently about 80.
First batch install AL-31F J-11B performance is not stable, several problems, has been 2010 years ago do not form an effective combat strength. 2010 and J-10A against it was not clear, there was talk a confrontational, but results are not very satisfactory. Taihang version J-11B, may this year and J-10A against, individuals are looking forward to.
J-10A 1473 radar probably 700mm in diameter, 3 m? found effective the target distance is about 120 km, J-11B 1493 radar approximately 960 mm in diameter, 3 m? found effective the target distance is about 150 km. J-11B seemingly in BvR attacks on J-10A advantage. But it's actually not that easy.
In modern air combat, air combat began on both sides were silent flight, by the early-warning aircraft providing enemy targets in general position. About 80 km apart on both sides open radar search and track goals, began launching missile attacks, about 40 km. J-11B the benefits of the radar distance advantage is not obvious, and its larger RCS offset that advantage.
J-10 in the first flight in 1998, 2004, train service, at present over more than 200 the number. J-10 when you first open, State media have said it is 3.5, and was renamed after 3 generations. The reason is that J-10 has advanced design concepts, but the lack of engine thrust, avionics, weapons performance advanced enough, and, like J-11B, now used primarily for air superiority combat, Earth is not strong.
In 2008, J-10B its first flight, the first official birth of the true 3.5 generation fighters.
Second, J-10B
J-10B compared with J-10A, overall there has been a noticeable change:
1, inlet becomes a DSI ("clam") inlet. J-10 for high-altitude high-speed performance, using a complex dual three-wave system can be paged in the airway, weight increased. DSI is the latest in technology, he applied in the United States on the latest F-35. Compared with the conventional intake, DSI canceled insulating layers, greatly reduces the weight. United States on F-16 test results show that DSI than complex intake reduces 182KG. Total pressure recovery factor is important indicator of intake, decline in total number of Restorer line 1%, engine thrust down 1.1%~1.6%. DSI is conducive to raising inlet total pressure recovery factor, improving the actual thrust of the engine. These two advantages make push than the effective promotion of J-10B. Another large benefit of DSI is separated boundary layer road was canceled this radar source, significantly reduced RCS. In addition, DSI can reduce costs, improve reliability.
Previously there were claims that DSI rather poor high speed performance. United States and the F-16 tests, the DSI when 0.6-1.2MH, total pressure recovery factor 0.98 per cent, but in 2.0MH, just 0.74 per cent. Because there are fears that DSI used can significantly reduce the J-10 of high-altitude high-speed performance. This worry is unnecessary, technology is always in development. Test results of a certain type of intake in China is, in 1.8MH total pressure recovery factor to 0.91, at the time of 2.0MH to 0.87, better than the General three-wave system inlet.
J-10 inlet becomes a DSI ("clam") inlet.
Reportedly J-10B equipped with AESA (active phase array radar).
2, head from the original cone-shaped into oval-shaped, to play on the air before entering the inlet compression. Head slightly down, improves vision. Nose radome and Union place it as a backward slash, it is understood that this suggests that its equipment AESA (active phased array radar).
For the development of radar: mechanical radar → PESA (passive phased array radar) → AESA (active phased array radar). AESA is and four generations earlier technology, besides equipment generation 4 machines, is also used to equip and upgrade 3.5 or even 3 generations. Compared with mechanical radar, AESA detecting distance farther, higher precision, reflect faster, more targeted attacks more powerful and more functionality, anti-interference ability is stronger, more reliable. After adopting some technology, stealth more power.
Compared with mechanical radar, AESA sharp increase in detection range, United States or even claim to have increased 100%. Now gradually entering an era of stealth, conventional radar on stealth aircraft, stealth cruise missile such RCS reflection small target detection distance is very short, such as J-10 on the RCS of 0.03 (such as F-22) discovery of the sharp drop in distance of 30 km or so, in short distance under electromagnetic interference environment. AESA greater detection range, high detection accuracy to enable him to detect such small targets has great advantages. Multiple target attack ability is 3 generations began to claim, usually to track both 8-10 target, blow and 2-4. But this ability on 3 machines are not practical. Because the fighters have a high level of mobility, when conventional radar to lock on to a target, it is difficult to continue to lock on to another target, so the 3 generation of general attack a single target at a time, unless you have the face of a maneuvering target. AESA fighter truly has the ability. 3 generation of quiet in the air war began to fly, because of its once opened radar search, just like flashlights in the dark, it is easy to be early-warning system to detect each other. This issue is more important to stealth aircraft. Modern wars are accompanied by strong electromagnetic interference, this allows the radar detection range significantly shorter. AESA radar F-22 effectively solves both problems, through the use of technologies such as radio frequency management, the other is more difficult to find its radar radiation of electromagnetic waves, it is rather difficult to be interference. AESA lays the Foundation to achieve this functionality. AESA fighters also have more features such as electronic warfare, with more reliability.
United States equipment AESA earlier, as early as 2000 started it as a F-15C modified AESA, but at that time big and heavy and the radar transmitter units consumes much. With launch of new smaller unit AESA radar equipment of various types/refit beginning in 2004, F-22, F-16block60 (take-out), F-15C of F-18E/F of 2005 and 2010. Current United States was considering for his F-16C switched to AESA. 3.5 generation of Europe, gusts to 2013 when the AESA, Typhoon plan 2015 JAS-39NG is only validated machine. Russia in 2014 service SU-35BM (SU-27SM2) equipment is PESA; rather, the MiG-35 has its own AESA, but "600mm, 680 transceiver unit, detection range of 130 km in diameter" configuration is rather tragic. Japan in 2000 service F-2 is also equipped with AESA, but this radar performance is tragedy, only 40 km to space exploration, and often lost target.. Is said to be now resolved the issue, return to normal.
J-10B low-volume production by the end, its radar with 1000-1200 sending and receiving unit, 3 m? found effective the target distance to 160-180 km/h, has caught up with the trend of world development.
3, switched diffraction HUD, head fitted with IRST (infrared search and track system). Diffraction of HUD, which is commonly referred to as wide-angle holographic HUD. Compared with the refraction of HUD, its field of view greater (conducive to weapon targeting and night flights), exterior perspective rates, character reflection rate higher. Diffraction HUD technology in the application are common 3.5-generation fighter, first applied to the J-11B. AESA radar while an effective solution to the issue of radiation and interference, but it cannot be completely avoided. IRST passive detection not only hard to find, in terms of detecting stealth aircraft and also has good results. And with more features. F-22 is achieved through a passive receiver system of this function. According to said J-10B IRST to track at the 60KM stealth aircraft, 30KM nm distances have identify enemy aircraft and formation, statistics, display number of enemy aircraft, the missile's ability to provide guidance.
4, the installation of vertical tail electronic module and electronic pods under the wings. Fighters of the electronic warfare capability is very important and crucial ability. This heavy duty machine for light machine enjoy certain advantages. J-10B added a pair of hanging points under the wings, add a pair of e-pods (allegedly the pods can be removed), with the vertical tail electronic cabin, greatly strengthening the electronic warfare capability.
5, J-10B vertical tail, pelvic fins cutting angle process, this will help to improve high speed performance, demonstrates its high altitude high speed pursuit. J-10B improved the wing structure (Airfoil unchanged), increasing a pair of hanging points (for electronic warfare equipment), increasing the amount of oil the wing. Use a composite wing skins, reduce the weight of the wing structure but also to strengthen the wing strength.
J-10 is the first domestic permission to digital telexes canard aircraft, because of the canard balancing complex, for fear of cross-coupled section is egg-shaped nose and canard when induced by high angle longitudinal diverge, so using a cross as round nose. As J-8II 3 waves of inlet technologies reserves, so using abdominal 3 wave system inlet. After 2000 due to DSI inlet going, subsequently, FC-1 DSI inlet to practise, DSI has a more in-depth study of inlet. Due to the successful development and equipment of J-10 forces, against all permission to digital telexes study on aerodynamic characteristics of canard taken to new levels, has been the capture of egg-shaped nose and coupled canard aerodynamic problems. On this basis, the development of fair in the lower half of the fuselage before the egg-shaped fuselage with coupled more fuselage before the excellent canard aerodynamic configuration, improved lifting and available at high angles.
J10B of overall pneumatic appearance on across Sonic area rate and supersonic area rate for has depth optimization (improve supersonic performance of key), again design has Qian fuselage, and vertical tail, and pelvic fins, replaced has new of main wing (wing type Basic does not variable, used has more of composites), next-generation of DSI into gas road high speed design points for 2.0MH, in twice times Sonic Shi may provides of total pressure recovery good Yu 3 wave Department into gas road, in 2.2MH Shi total pressure recovery still keep in higher level; low altitude design points for 1.2MH. Optimized aerodynamic shape in Asia, across and within the envelope of supersonic drag reduction effect is clear, sub/cross/supersonic Lift-to-drag ratio increased acceleration performance is improved. Canard 4 generations fly systems have excellent balance high/low performance. Actual flight test results showed that J-10B high-altitude high-speed than J-10A OK, mobile quality better, within its wide flight envelope (0~2.3MH) each stage has a better acceleration performance, practical maximum speed, service ceiling and rate of climb than J10A. High altitude bomb case (simulation of bullet) speed and maximum static ceiling has been increased and stable hover performance improvement is encouraging, digital flight control at maximum angle limits up to about 30 °.
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J-10B improving the aerodynamic performance of a pleasant surprise, but the real highlight is its avionics and weapons upgrade. Someone says: "in fact, even on the 10B AESA is also not something to be excited-other avionics of the pace of change and is about much more than a plane can be packed AESA. 10B avionics architecture and performance indicators is to some extent refer to the standard gem of the F-22 column, such as independent flight control, fire control, switch to a new generation of integrated CIP (common information processing machines). "J10B uses a new generation of avionics systems, including improved flight control system, the latest supporting airborne phased array radar, (active/passive) electronic warfare systems released electro-optical radar, the system updates no less than 70%.
J-10B significantly increase the amount of composite materials using, try reducing the RCS process, in addition to DSI inlet, body modification, a minimize appearances out of the body, the traveling light to half-buried, the cooling air inlet from outside the convex to accessory embedded ... J-10B in the process of upgrading a large, RCS reduced by an order of magnitude, similar to the typhoon, wind and F-18E/F. J-10B RCS of less than 1M?, is the smallest of our Army currently serving fighters in the RCS aircraft types.
601 and 611 common competition in China for four generations, starting 601 calls the larger, 611 for backup at that time, J-10 there are many modification. But after four generations beginning with flower 611,611 up the main force on the transfer to a four-generation. After 08, J-10 other programmes were suspended, 10 modified comprehensive steering DSI singles programme, discussion on board the vessel to the possibility of finally packed in air-driven, enhanced air superiority performance, develop multi-purpose ability, completely give up on board the vessel. Identify 10 modified as 3.5-generation production machines at that time, and 4 on behalf of some technology validation, to March 4-generation avionics (on the course, including the AESA).
J-10B airborne equipment, radar, avionics and heavy 4 generations of air machine is different, but J10B airborne equipment, radar, avionics is also arranged in 4 standard development, you can do 4 generation first edition of the standard practice. No experience in first practice, heavy air and 4 generation of airborne equipment, radar, avionics for money likely to interfere with each other or without levels, this can lead to severe 4 generations of air development budget exceeded, plus long preparation period, train delayed. J10B as 4 air airborne equipment, radar, avionics, and the supporting arms, structured exercise object technology, new materials technology, production technology, accumulate experience. J10 modification will always exist, is improving (re-4 service prior to) air force needs of combat effectiveness, second is heavy-4 compliant development of empty machine may encounter obstacles, shoulder part 4 research and risk. 4 research and independent funding, J10 modification is also independent of funding. J10 remodel 4 approximation, some weighing 4 scientific research and experiment in sharing risks, 4 research and act as a multiplier effect, the ultimate vest improved version will use standard 4-generation in single machine with avionics.
09 first write J-10B profiling article, I guess next-generation fighting elastic-PL-10 State. 2 years later, we see on the long-range air-to-air missile development in our country, such as various modification and PL-21 remote PL-12 stamping missiles. Can visualize J-10B fit the new far, and short-range, air combat abilities will even stronger. After 2006, precision ground attack munitions have also earned considerable development, species have been greatly enriched. J-10B itself developing a multi-purpose capability, combined with new ammunition, ground attack capabilities have been enhanced.
J-10B is currently the biggest problem was the engine. J-10 involvement in engine thrust is not large enough, the performance is limited, too line of engines has been unstable. 09 first write J-10B profiling article, Taihang engine drag-and-J-10B I'm worried about the progress. Now 2 years later, things did not find the essence of the change, so although a lot of equipment J-11B service, but the test is still going on in J-10. J-10B start will continue to load AL-31FN service, probably at the end of a small batch production. Currently is said to have received the order for the two groups.
Heard in the air ready to spend a lot of money developing the engine level, and brag about how how fast the development will ... We ignore these vaunted, but can also be seen, although a little depressing, but Outlook is still very good.
We admire the SU-35, SU-37, MIG 1.44, S-37, envy gust, Typhoon, Gripen, envy over the MiG-35, SU-35BM, envy, F-22 and F-35. Now we finally have a catch up with the world advanced level fighter, although away from the F-22/F-35 there is a big gap, however, and other 3.5 generation fighters in the same grade. J-10B, we are no longer envy double wind. We even started to think, JAS-39C/D rather than J-10A and start discussion on the comparison of FC-1 and JAS-39..
Current United States aircraft carrier fighter on 3.5-generation F-18E/F, based in Japan F-15C has also been upgraded to 3.5. Korea, and Japan, and India is planning to purchase 3.5-generation fighter, tiny Singapore has been equipped with a 3.5-generation F-15SG. Four generations of F-22 served in 2004, a total of more than more than 180, will start at the end of a gradual upgrade, now often in Japan Okinawa. F-35 are a large number of test flights, in the next few years will also be served. After 2017, F-35 will gradually into surrounding countries such as Japan, and Korea, and Australia. J-20 was first flight in January. The advent of the J-20, marking China's aviation industry began to catch up with Europe, into the threshold of a world-class air force. But involvement in the engine, the J-20 is only at the first stage. Later switched to a new generation of WS-15, on the body modification again, continue test flights until the equipment. WS-15 about delivered in 2016, J-20 perfect Edition service time is probably 2018-2020 years. In these 8 years, who is going to defend China's territorial airspace?
Is production of J-11B belong to 3 generations, J-11BS for J-11B dual-plane of the first flight in 2007, has started equipment; the first flight in 2009, is J-15 is the carrier of a test flight, performance similar J-11B; in the second half of the first flight of the J-16 fighter bombers such as the SU-30MKK (sharp upgrade in avionics, weapons). This important responsibility to the J-10B of the body. J-10B can be effective against peripheral 3.5 generation fighter; in the defensive system against, against F-35.
Third, the J-10B in other countries.
Rumours have been in Pakistan ready to purchase 36 J-10, arrival time is about 2014. Under arrival time the real model should be J-10B time. J-10A domestic prices closer to $ 30 million, about 54 million J-11B, flying Leopard a about 24 million. FC-1 takeout price 150.02 billion, J-10A currently exports about 40 million, about 55 million J-10B. Current 3.5 generation on the international market and the price is: Typhoon 120 million, gusts of 110 million, F-15SG 100 million, F-18E/F 90 million, F-16E/F 80 million, JAS-39NG 80 million, the MiG-35; SU-30MKK of three generations of 60 million. Compared with the same grade aircraft, J-10B can be described as excellent.
Pakistan currently 34 F-16Block15OCU, is being F-16Block50 avionics upgrade for the other countries, is expected in 2014 the upgrade is complete. Pakistan purchased 18 new F-16Block50/52, all arriving at the end. Pakistan may also buy 18 F-16Block50/52 is expected. So until 2014 or so, Pakistan will have 70 F-16Block50/52 fighters. Since 2007, receiving the first batch of 8 JF-17,2009 year started receiving the second batch of 40 JF-17, the current total of Pakistan has received over more than 30. Behind the JF-17 of delivery is estimated to be stable at speed of 20/year. In 2014, Pakistan will receive about 100 JF-17. Subsequent batches is estimated to be compared to great improvement, such as stealth modification, replacement AESA, install, such as IRST. Such until 2014, Pakistan has 170 modern generation fighters.
India bought 18 SU-30K;2002-2004 year bought in 1997-1999 32 SU-30MKI. 2004 India HAL company began Assembly production SU-30MKI in 2014, total production 90 are now producing nearly 70. India ordered 40 aircraft in 2007, SU-30MKI,2011-2012 year delivery 2009 ordered 50 SU-30MKI 2013-2014 for delivery. 2010 ordered 42 more SU-30MKI, which is scheduled for 2014 by HAL company began Assembly in 2018, production is complete. India currently has MiG -29K a total of 16 aircraft, plans to buy 29. India started 63 older MiG-29 upgrade my meter -29UPG (upgrade cost 15 million/frame), 51 Phantom of old -2000H I upgrade my phantom -2000-5 (upgrade cost 40 million/frame). India's homemade light fighters served in January 2011, production of about 10 per year. So that by 2014, India will have 230 SU-30MKI -29UPG, 50, 60 m Mirage -2000-5 -29K, 40, 40 m LCA and so a total of 420 of three generations of modern fighters.
India, not satisfied with these, it is in full swing preparing to buy 126 3.5 generation fighters. Is being determined is buying double the wind or a F-18E/F.. After 2014 India is prepared to once again its SU-30MKI cluster upgrade.
Faced several times with his enemies, in particular, face the future more than 126 much more modern 3.5-generation fighters, Pakistan air force was F-16 Block50/52, or JF-17, are often be limited. Pakistan plans to buy more second hand F-16A/B and improved on the one hand, to complement the number on the other, Pakistan thought of China, think of the Chinese J-10B. In fact, there was talk of Pakistan has been a research and development of Interventional J-10B..
J-10B effective against India next 3.5 generation fighter and India on another 3 generations of machines forming performance of repression. If FC-1 to after Pakistan, is located on the F-16 after the Block50/52 of second-line machine, then after J-10B to Pakistan is located on the F-16 before Block50/52 of high end machine..
antiterror13
Brigadier
The translation gave me a bad headache 
【中华军备】最详细的中国空军歼-10B战机性能分析(ZT
一：轻型机和重型机的争论
有人说，J-10是轻型机，J-11是重型机， J-10空战性能和J-11相比，不是一个档次。事实无情的回答了这个问题：在2006年举行的J-10和SU-27SK的对抗中，一架J-10面对4架SU-27SK，先敌发现，先敌开火，取得了4：0的骄人战绩。
其实J-10并不是轻型机，其空重约8.6吨，最大起飞重量约19.2吨，属于中型机；FC-1、JAS-39才是轻型机（J-10最大速度2.2MH，最大静升限接近2.1万米，最大动升限大于2.2万米，最大航程3500公里，最大作战半径1350公里，最大载弹量7吨）。如果说在90年代，SU-27SK还是一款优秀的战斗机，但进入21世纪，其航电、武器已明显落后。J-11是SU-27SK的中国生产版，其00、01、02、03、04共5个批次，约100架，国产化程度逐渐增加。00-02批次基本是原版的SU-27SK；03、04批次逐渐换装了国产的雷达等航电，部分能够发射国产的PL-12导弹，作战能力大增。目前大部分老J-11航电已得到升级，以前只能发射半主动的R-27，升级后能发射主动的R-77，作战能力增强。但无论是换装了国产化航电的新J-11，还是升级后的老J-11，在近几年的多次对抗中，均不是J-10的对手。
重型机就机体方面来说，载弹量大，航程远，作战半径大，滞空时间长；就航电方面说，由于更大的空间，可以使用更大和更复杂的设备（如更大直径的雷达等），性能更强，功能更全面。所以同样技术水平下，重型机空战性能强于轻型机——但这个前提是同样技术水平。
三代机气动设计理念有这样一个发展过程：70年代的能量机动→80年代的瞬时机动→90年代的过失速机动（超机动）。SU-27SK是典型的能量机动战斗机，瞬时机动理论诞生了台风、阵风、鹰狮等欧洲3.5代。瞬时机动强调在空战中瞬间改变机头指向，配合能大离轴角发射的导弹，对敌机进行攻击。瞬时机动理论在我国的产物就是J-10。J-10由于发动机推力不够大，推比并不高，按能量机动理论，其稳盘对SU-27SK并不占优势，但他却有着比SU-27SK优异很多的瞬盘（31°），在格斗中往往能优先锁定SU-27SK。传统的观念认为，鸭翼的失速迎角为35度，这是以色列人提出来的，后来为各国所重视，法国的阵风就将最大迎角限制在28度，中国的歼-10则限制在26度（SU-27为28度），所以航空界一般以为在大迎角性能方面，鸭翼不如常规布局，因为鸭翼的失速迎角限制了鸭翼的大迎角性能。然而，在过失速飞行中，中国试飞员确发现另一种现象，即歼-10的大迎角控制性能远超过苏-27（即歼-10在飞眼镜蛇机动时的角度超过了苏-27）。这一信息最早由雷强披露，但受到持有传统观念网友的广泛质疑。成飞的研究成果，证明的雷强的说法。
J-10不仅拥有优异的瞬盘，全数字式电传（J-11是模拟式电传）、飞火交联技术、大幅度放宽的静不稳定度（11%）和综合气动控制技术（90年代）还给其带来了优异的敏捷性和飞行品质。J-10的空战格斗性能，在我国现役所有战机中，可以用“强悍”两字来形容。
J-10的优势还在于其优秀的超音速机动性能。如果说二代战斗机强调高空高速，三代机强调中低空、亚跨音速格斗性能，那么四代机一部分强调的就是超音速机动性能（超巡、超机动性）。SU-27SK虽然最大速度比J-10大（SU-27最大2.35MH，J-10最大2.2MH），但标准空战挂载下（4中2近）其最大速度会下降到1.7MH以下，而J-10（2中2近）则大于1.9MH，并在超音速阶段拥有更好的机动性。在SU-27SK与J-10的对抗中，常出现打打不过，跑跑不掉的情况。
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J-10是一种全空域、全速度的空优战斗机，在2010年以前，J-10一直是国内空战中的王者。
J-10于2004年刚服役时，航电系统还不是很完善；05年开始完善，后续每个批次都有新的改进，老的批次也进行了升级。论坛上一般称为J-10A。
J-11并没有停止不前，采用西方设计标准、我国航电技术的J-11B于2003年首飞（据说使用的还是模拟电传），2007年定型并服役。J-11B原计划使用国产的太行发动机，但由于当时太行性能并不稳定，第一批次一个团的J-11B仍旧使用的AL-31F。2008-2009年上半年，太行继续不给力，J-11B堆积了大量机体却无发动机可用。2009年下半年，太行基本解决问题，J-11B于2009年末或2010年初开始大批量服役。目前大概生产了80架。
第一批次装AL-31F的J-11B性能也并不稳定，几次出现问题，2010年前一直未形成有效战斗力。2010年是否和J-10A进行了对抗还不清楚，有传言有过对抗，不过结果不是很理想。太行版的J-11B，今年有可能和J-10A对抗，个人对此十分期待。
J-10A的1473雷达直径大概700mm,对3米?目标有效发现距离约120公里，J-11B的1493雷达直径约960 mm,对3米?目标有效发现距离约150公里。J-11B貌似在超视距攻击中对J-10A享有优势。但实际并没那么简单。
在现代空战中，空战双方开始都是静默飞行，由预警机提供敌方目标大致方位。在双方相距约80公里处打开雷达搜索跟踪目标，在约40公里处开始发射导弹攻击。所以J-11B雷达发现距离远所带来的优势并不明显，而其较大的RCS又抵消了这种优势。
J-10于1998年首飞，2004年定型服役，目前生产数量200余架。J-10刚公开时，官方媒体曾称其为3.5代，后又改称3代。其原因是，J-10虽然拥有先进的设计理念，但发动机推力不足，航电、武器性能不够先进，且和J-11B一样，目前主要用于空优作战，对地能力不强。
2008年，J-10B首飞，中国第一种真正的3.5代战斗机正式诞生。
二、J-10B
J-10B与J-10A相比，外形有了明显的变化：
1、进气道变为DSI（“蚌”式）进气道。J-10为了高空高速性能，使用了复杂的二元三波系可调进气道，重量增加。DSI是最新出现的技术，他应用在美国最新的F-35上。与常规进气道相比，DSI取消了附面隔层，大大减轻了重量。美国在F-16上的测试结果显示，DSI比复杂进气道降低了182KG。总压恢复系数是进气道的重要指标，总压恢复系数下降1%，发动机推力下降1.1%～1.6%。DSI有利于提高进气道的总压恢复系数，提高发动机实际推力。这两个优点使J-10B的推比得到了有效的提升。DSI的另一大优点是取消了附面层隔道这个大的雷达反射源，明显降低了RCS。此外，DSI能够减低成本，提高可靠性。
以前有说法说DSI高速性能比较差。美国在F-16上的测试表明，DSI在0.6-1.2MH时，总压恢复系数高达0.98，但在2.0MH时，仅为0.74。因为有人担心DSI的使用会明显降低J-10的高空高速性能。这个担心是不必要的，技术总是在发展的。我国某型进气道的测试结果是，在1.8MH总压恢复系数为0.91，在2.0MH时为0.87，好于一般的三波系进气道。
J-10的进气道变为DSI（“蚌”式）进气道。
据悉J-10B其装备了AESA（有源相控阵雷达）。
2、机头由原来的圆锥型变为了扁圆形，以起到对空气进入进气道前的预压缩作用。机头略向下，改善了视野。其雷达罩与机头结合处为向后倾斜的斜线，据悉这表明其装备了AESA（有源相控阵雷达）。
雷达发展过程为：机械雷达→PESA（无源相控阵雷达）→AESA（有源相控阵雷达）。AESA是和四代机同期发展的技术，目前除装备4代机外，还用于装备和升级3.5代甚至3代机。与机械雷达相比，AESA探测距离更远，精度更高，反映速度更快，多目标攻击能力更强，功能更多，抗干扰能力更强，可靠性更高。采用一些技术后，隐身能力更强。
与机械雷达相比，AESA探测距离大幅度增加，美国甚至宣称能增加100%。现在已逐渐进入隐形时代，常规雷达对隐形飞机、隐形巡航导弹这类RCS反射很小的目标发现距离很短，比如J-10对RCS为0.03（比如F-22）的发现距离锐减为30公里左右，在电磁干扰环境下距离更短。AESA更大的探测距离，更高的探测精度，使他对探测这类小目标享有很大的优势。多目标攻击能力是3代机就开始宣称的，一般为同时跟踪8-10个目标，同时打击其中2-4个。但实际这个能力对3代机并不实用。由于战斗机具有很高的机动性，常规雷达在锁定一个目标时，很难继续锁定另一个目标，因此3代机一般一次只攻击一个目标，除非面对的是低机动目标。AESA使战斗机真正具有了这个能力。3代机在空战中开始要采用静默飞行，是因为其一旦打开雷达搜索，就像黑夜中的手电筒，很容易被对方预警系统发现。这个问题对隐形飞机来说更为重要。现代战争都伴随着强烈的电磁干扰，这使雷达的探测距离大大缩短。F-22的AESA雷达有效的解决了这两个问题，通过采用射频管理等技术，对方较难发现其雷达辐射的电磁波，较难对其进行干扰。AESA为实现此项功能奠定了基础。AESA还使战斗机具有电子战等更多的功能，具有更到的可靠性。
美国装备AESA较早，其最早于2000年便开始为F-15C改装AESA，只是当时雷达发射单元大、重而耗电厉害。采用新式的体积更小的发射单元的各型AESA雷达装备/改装开始于2004年的F-22、F-16block60（外卖），2005年的F-18E/F和2010年的F-15C。目前美国正考虑为自己的F-16C换装AESA。欧洲的3.5代中，阵风于2013年换装AESA，台风计划2015年，JAS-39NG目前只是验证机。俄罗斯于2014年服役的SU-35BM（SU-27SM2）装备是PESA；米格-35倒是拥有了自己的AESA，但“600mm直径、680收发单元、130公里探测距离”的配置却比较悲剧。日本于2000年服役的F-2也装备了AESA，只是此雷达性能十分悲剧，对空探测距离只有40公里，还经常丢失目标。。据说目前已解决问题，恢复正常。
J-10B年底将小批量生产，其雷达采用1000-1200个收发单元，对3米?目标有效发现距离能到160-180公里，已经赶上了世界发展的潮流。
3、换装了衍射平显，机头加装IRST（红外搜索跟踪系统）。衍射平显，也就是通常所说的广角全息平显。与折射平显相比，它的视场更大（有利于武器瞄准和夜间飞行），外景透视率、字符反射率更高。衍射平显技术在3.5代战斗机中应用较普遍，我国最先应用于J-11B。AESA雷达虽然有效解决了辐射和抗干扰问题，但还不能完全避免。IRST采用被动探测，不仅难以被发现，在探测隐形飞机方面还具有不错的效果。且正在具有更多的功能。F-22是通过无源接收机系统实现的这个功能。椐称，J-10B的IRST可以在60KM处跟踪隐形飞机，30KM至50KM距离上就具备识别敌机、显示敌机队形、统计敌机数量、对导弹提供制导的能力。
4、加装垂尾电子舱和翼下电子吊舱。电子战能力是战机十分重要且关键的能力。这方面重型机一般对轻型机享有一定的优势。J-10B在机翼下增加了一对挂点，加挂了一对电子吊舱（据称此吊舱可拆卸下来），配合垂尾电子舱，大大强化了电子战能力。
5、J-10B垂尾、腹鳍进行了切尖处理，这有利于提高高速性能，表明了其对高空高速的依然追求。J-10B改进了机翼结构（翼型不变），增加一对挂点（用于电战设备），增加了机翼的储油量。改用复合材料机翼蒙皮，减轻机翼结构重量的同时也加强了机翼强度。
J-10是第一款国产全权限数字电传鸭式布局战机，由于鸭式布局配平复杂，因担心横截面为卵形的前机身与鸭翼耦合诱发大迎角时的纵向发散，所以采用了横截面为圆形的前机身。又由于有J-8II的3波系进气道的技术储备，所以采用腹部3波系进气道。2000年后由于国内对DSI进气道深入展开，后来又有FC-1的DSI进气道来练手，对DSI进气道有了更深入地研究。由于J-10的研制成功及装备部队，国内对全权限数字电传鸭式布局的气动特性的研究进入更深层次，已经攻克了卵形的前机身与鸭翼耦合的气动问题。在此基础上发展出机身下部修平的半卵形前机身与鸭翼耦合的更为优秀的前机身气动布局，提高了升力和可用迎角。
J10B的总体气动外形对跨音速面积率和超音速面积率进行了深度优化（提高超音速性能的关键），重新设计了前机身、垂直尾翼、腹鳍，更换了新的主翼（翼型基本不变，采用了更多的复合材料），新一代的DSI进气道高速设计点为2.0MH，在2倍音速时可提供的总压恢复好于3波系进气道，在2.2MH时总压恢复仍保持在较高水平；低空设计点为1.2MH。优化后的气动外形在亚、跨、超音速的包线内的减阻效果明显，亚/跨/超音速升阻比提升，加速性能得到改善。鸭式布局在4代电传操纵系统下极好的兼顾了高/低速性能。实际试飞结果表明，J-10B高空高速比J-10A 还好，机动品质更好，其在全飞行包线内（0~2.3MH）各阶段均具有更好的加速性能，实用最大速度、实用升限和爬升率均优于J10A。高空带弹情况下（模拟弹）的极速和最大静升限均有所提高，并且稳定盘旋性能提高喜人，数字飞控最大迎角限制达30°左右。
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J-10B气动性能的提升令人惊喜，但其真正的亮点是其航电和武器的提升。某人说：“其实就算10B上了AESA也不值得很兴奋——其他航电设备的改变的步伐和意义远大于一种是飞机都能装的AESA。10B航电的架构和性能指标某种程度上是参考F-22的宝石柱的标准，如独立的飞控、火控等换成了新一代的综合的CIP（通用信息处理机）。” J10B采用了新一代的航电系统，包括改进的飞控系统，最新的配套机载相控阵雷达、（主动/被动）电战系统，新增的光电雷达，其系统更新比例不低于70%。
J-10B大幅度增加复合材料使用量，尝试了缩减RCS的工艺，除了DSI进气道、机身修形外，还尽可能减少机体外表的突出物，将航灯改为半埋式，将冷却空气进气口从外凸型改为附体的嵌入式。。。J-10B在工艺上提升很大，RCS缩小一个数量级，类似于台风、阵风和F-18E/F。J-10B的RCS 小于1m?，是我军目前已服役战斗机中RCS最小的机种。
本来611和601共同竞争我国四代机，开始601呼声比较大，611当时为了备份，J-10本有多种改型。但后面四代机花落611，611开始把主要力量转移到四代上。08年后，J-10的其他方案都中止了，10改全面转向DSI的单发方案，曾经讨论过上舰的可能性，最后以空装为主导，强化空优性能，拓展多用途能力，彻底放弃上舰的方向。当时确定10改作为3.5代量产机、兼4代部份技术的验证，向4代航电进军（当然就包括了上AESA）。
J-10B的机载设备、雷达、航电虽然与重型4代制空机的不一样，但J10B上的机载设备、雷达、航电 也是按4代标准研制的，可算4代标准的首版实践。没有首版实践的经验，重型4代制空机的机载设备、雷达、航电衡有可能出现相互干涉或不达标情况，这会导致重型4代制空机研制预算超标，研制期加长，定型推迟。所以拿J10B作为4代制空机的机载设备、雷达、航电、配套武器、结构工艺、新材料工艺、生产工艺 的练习对象，积攒经验。J10的改型会一直存在下去，一是提高（重4服役前）空军空战实力的需要，二是提前解决重型4代制空机的研制可能遇到的障碍，分担部份 重4研制的风险。 重4研制是独立拨款的，J10的改型也是独立拨款的。J10的改型向4代逼近，分担部份 重4科研试验的风险，对重4研制起到事半功倍的效果，其终极马甲改进版会用上标准的4代的于单发机配套的航电。
在09年第一次写J-10B性能分析文章时，我还在猜测新一代格斗弹PL-10的状态。2年过去了，我们又看到了我国在中远程空空导弹上的发展，如PL-12的各种改型和PL-21远程冲压导弹。我们可以想象J-10B配合新型的远、中、近程导弹，空战能力必将更加强大。2006年后，我国精确对地攻击弹药也获得了长足的发展，种类已大大丰富。J-10B本身拓展了多用途能力，配合新型弹药，对地攻击能力得到了较大的提高。
J-10B目前最大的问题还是发动机。J-10受累于发动机推力不够大，性能受到限制，太行发动机又一直不稳定。在09年第一次写J-10B性能分析文章时，我就在担心太行发动机会拖J-10B的进度。如今2年过去了，事情并未发现本质性的改变，太行虽然大量装备了J-11B服役，但在J-10上的测试还在进行中。J-10B开始会继续装AL-31FN服役，大概于年底开始小批量生产。据说目前已获得两个团的定单。
听闻中航准备花费大量资金大力发展发动机水平，并吹嘘将会多么多么快的发展。。我们不必理会这些吹嘘，但也能够看到，虽然现在有点小郁闷，但前景还是很好的。
我们羡慕过SU-35、SU-37、米格1.44、S-37，羡慕过阵风、台风、鹰狮，羡慕过米格-35、SU-35BM，更羡慕F-22和F-35。如今我们终于有了一款赶上世界先进水平的战斗机，虽然离F-22/F-35还有很大差距，但已和其他3.5代战斗机处于同样的档次。有了J-10B，我们不再羡慕双风。我们甚至开始认为，JAS-39C/D不如J-10A，并开始探讨FC-1和JAS-39的对比。。
目前美国航母上的战机为3.5代的F-18E/F，驻扎在日本的F-15C也已经升级到了3.5代。韩国、日本、印度正计划购买3.5代战机，小小的新加坡已经装备了3.5代的F-15SG。四代的F-22于2004年服役，共180多架，将于年底开始逐步升级，目前已经常在日本冲绳驻军。F-35正在大量试飞，未来几年内也会服役。2017年后，F-35会逐渐进入周边国家，如日本、韩国、澳大利亚。我国的J-20已于1月份首飞。J-20的出现，标志者我国航空工业开始赶超欧洲，跨入了世界一流空军的门槛。但受累于发动机，J-20目前只是处于第一阶段。以后会换装新一代的WS-15，对机体重新修形，继续试飞直到装备。WS-15计划约2016年交付，这样J-20完善版的服役时间大概是2018-2020年。那么在这8年间，谁来保卫我国的领空？
正在生产的J-11B属于3代，2007年首飞的J-11BS为J-11B的双座机，目前已开始装备；2009年首飞，正在试飞的J-15是舰载机，性能类似J-11B；可能于下半年首飞的J-16为类似SU-30MKK的战斗轰炸机（航电、武器大幅提升）。因此这个重任就交到了J-10B的身上。J-10B能够有效对抗周边3.5代战斗机；在体系对抗的防守中，可以对抗F-35。
三、J-10B在他国。
一直在传言巴基斯坦准备购买我国36架J-10，到货时间大概是2014年。根据到货时间，其真正型号应该是J-10B。J-10A国内价格接近3000万美元，J-11B约5400万，飞豹A约2400万。FC-1外卖价格1500-2000万，J-10A目前出口价格约4000万，J-10B约5500万。目前国际市场上各3.5代的价格分别是：台风1.2亿，阵风1.1亿，F-15SG 1亿，F-18E/F 9000万，F-16E/F 8000万，JAS-39NG 8000万，米格-35 5000万；三代的SU-30MKK 6000万。与同档次飞机相比，J-10B可谓物美价廉。
巴基斯坦现有34架F-16Block15OCU，目前正在他国把航电升级为F-16Block50状态，预计2014年升级完毕。巴基斯坦新购买了18架F-16Block50/52，年底全部到货。预计巴基斯坦可能还会购买18架F-16Block50/52。这样到2014年左右，巴基斯坦将拥有70架F-16Block50/52状态的战斗机。自从2007年接收第一批8架JF-17，2009年开始接收第二批40架JF-17，目前巴基斯坦总已接收约30多架。后面JF-17的交付估计会稳定在20架/年的速度。在2014年，巴基斯坦会获得约100架JF-17。此后的批次，估计会做比较大的改进，比如隐身修形，换装AESA，加装IRST等。这样，至2014年，巴基斯坦将拥有170架现代化的三代战斗机。
印度于1997-1999年购买了18架SU-30K；2002-2004年购买了32架SU-30MKI。2004年印度HAL公司开始组装生产SU-30MKI，至2014年共要生产90架，目前共生产近70架。印度于2007年订购了40架SU-30MKI，2011-2012年交货；2009年订购了50架SU-30MKI，预计2013-2014年交货。2010年订购了42架SU-30MKI，计划于2014年由HAL公司开始组装生产，2018年生产完毕。印度目前有米格-29K共16架，计划增购29架。印度开始将63架老式的米格-29升级成米格-29UPG（升级费用1500万/架），将51架老式的幻影-2000H升级成幻影-2000-5（升级费用4000万/架）。印度的国产轻型战斗机于2011年1月服役，产量约10架/年。这样到2014年，印度将拥有230架SU-30MKI、60架米格-29UPG、50架幻影-2000-5、40架米格-29K、40架LCA等共420架现代化的三代战斗机。
印度并不满足于这些，其正热火朝天的准备购买126架3.5代战斗机。目前正在确定是购买双风还是F-18E/F。。2014年后印度也准备对其SU-30MKI机群进行再一次升级。
面对几倍于自己的敌人，特别是面对未来更加现代化的126多架3.5代战斗机，巴基斯坦空军无论是F-16 Block50/52，还是JF-17，都显得力不从心。巴基斯坦一方面计划购买更多的二手F-16A/B并加以改进，以补充数量；另一方面，巴基斯坦想到了中国，想到了中国的J-10B。其实有传言巴基斯坦一直有介入J-10B的研发。。
J-10B能够有效对抗印度未来的3.5代战斗机，并对印度其他的3代机形成性能上的压制。如果说FC-1到巴基斯坦后，是位于F-16 Block50/52之后的二线机，那么J-10B到巴基斯坦后就是位于F-16 Block50/52之前的高端机。。
此帖被木刀公子于2011-10-30 08:11:25置顶
I think the article says that the use of DSI has actually made the J-10B better at all speeds and in many other aspects.
P.S. I meant to say that "DSI has not caused major problem..." would be too much of an understatement in the face of the benefits the DSI gives the J-10B.
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peperez
New Member
They also used rockets... Ardent was destroied by an unguided rocket attack made by one MB339.
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