The fact that Palestine is a Middle East pact means that HAMAS can have the support of the Sunnis, represented by Saudi Arabia, as well as the Shiites, represented by Iran. Most notably, this photo is a video of a collaborative shelling by the "Qassam Brigade" and the "Al Quds Brigade". Using Israeli Soltam CO6 extended-range mortars smuggled with Qatari funds and Iranian-supplied M49A1 60-millimeter mortar shells.
HAMAS comes from the evolution of the Sunni Muslim Brotherhood in Gaza, Sunni and Muslim Brotherhood being the two key words. Sunni means that within HAMAS, in addition to being against Israel, there is a part of it that is against the Iranian-led Shiites. And the Muslim Brotherhood is classified as a terrorist organization in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, etc., which means that the most fundamental supporter of HAMAS is actually Qatar. Other Middle Eastern Sunni states will not always support HAMAS, most notably Jordan, which has already reconciled with Israel, UAE, which has tentatively reconciled, and Saudi Arabia, which is preparing to reconcile. It helps to understand HAMAS's "ill-advised" behavior during the Arab Spring.
2006 Palestinian Elections
The most significant post-2000 event was the 2006 Palestinian elections, in which HAMAS won 74 of the 132 seats in the parliament, giving it the right to form a cabinet. Although EU observers described the elections as "competitive and genuinely democratic" Fatah refused to step down, and the US and Israel refused to recognize the results. The election demonstrated that the current so-called "legitimate" Palestinian government, which the PA has illegally stolen, and HAMAS's popularity in Palestine are in fact very strong.
Arab Spring 2010
Understanding the political affiliation of HAMAS makes sense of what I would call a series of stupid moves by HAMAS during the Arab Spring. Egypt's military junta was overthrown and replaced by the Muslim Brotherhood, which meant that HAMAS's tunnel smuggling would no longer be regulated; Shiite Syria is in civil unrest, and Sunnis of all stripes are backing the anti-government forces as if Assad would fall at the slightest push. If Syria also turns out to be a Sunni government that supports HAMAS, HAMAS will be able to attack Israel from both sides. The Arab Spring's Internet frenzy influenced the decision of HAMAS' top political officials living in the fancy hotel in Qatar to finally stop cooperating with the pesky Shiites! This included openly supporting the anti-government forces in Syria and breaking with Bashar al-Assad. HAMAS also broke with Iran and Hezbollah by sending a letter condemning Iran's interference in the democratic process. Then sending people to "study overseas" in Syria or to work as trainers in Syria.
The Great Turnaround of 2013
However, Iran and Hezbollah's open support for Bashar helped him to survive the most difficult period. Meanwhile the armed opposition in Syria has become more and more extreme, executing even exiled Syrian Palestinians as infidels. A proof of this is that the exiled Syrian Palestinians had to form Liwa al-Quds (Jerusalem Brigade) to support Bashar, who would be willing to cooperate with the infidels if their lives were not at stake.
As well as most critically, the pro-HAMAS Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood government was ousted by the Egyptian military in a coup d'état, the most reliable backer no longer existed, and subsequent smuggling of supplies was cut off. This was a direct result of the fact that external supply lines no longer existed around HAMAS at the time of the 2014 Gaza war: the Egyptian junta opposed the Muslim Brotherhood and HAMAS, which was linked to the Brotherhood, and HAMAS voluntarily broke with the Shiites, losing support from Hezbollah in Lebanon and Syria.
The New Era of Yahya Sinwar in 2017
The 2014 Gaza War and the drastic change in the external environment at the time led to an internal reorganization of HAMAS, with the most anti-Shiite radical elements of HAMAS remaining permanently in Syria and the Qatar-based HAMAS leadership cadre not having to bear the consequences of decision-making in Gaza due to their estrangement from Gaza, which ultimately led to Sinwar's rise to power as well as a downplaying of the religious overtones along with the recognition of the 1967 Sinwar repaired relations with Iran and Egypt, most notably through the Palestinian resistance's extensive use of Iranian-produced HM-15 81mm and HM-16 120mm mortars in the war, which could not have been brought into Gaza without Iranian and Egyptian support. (Iran produced the weapons and then transferred them to Egypt, where they were brought into Gaza through tunnels.)
HM16 used by HAMAS force
HM16 used by Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
HAMAS and China
China used to be very supportive of the Palestinian cause in the 1950s, and of course the Chinese Foreign Ministry now recognizes the 1967 borders.
A very interesting project started in October 2016, when the Director of the Chinese office in Palestine attended the handover ceremony of the "Lighting Families" project in Hanyounis Governorate, Gaza Strip, Palestine. [
]Since 2016, China has begun a long-term solar panel sales and construction assistance program in Gaza, Palestine, including a subsequent solar power equipment assistance project for the Gaza Children's Hospital to be completed in 2021. [
]It can be said that this secret solar project undertaken by China has little exposure, but it is actually helping to free Gaza from Israel's stranglehold, with the home solar power project being able to meet at least 30% or even 90% of a Gazan family's electricity needs, that Israel can no longer force the Palestinians in Gaza to submit by simply cutting off the power.
will help you understand how Chinese-made solar panels are being used in Gaza and how they are improving the living conditions of the locals. Considering that Israel is 100% not going to like this, I have reason to suspect that a large portion of the panels are actually being smuggled into Gaza.
HAMAS relations with Arab countries
GCC
I remember many pages ago a member swore up and down using the Syrian war as an example that HAMAS supported the Syrian opposition so it must have been in league with the Saudis and others, but he ignored the fact that the world changes rather than stays static, and that the US and the USSR were even allies during WWII! I don't deny that HAMAS did support the Syrian opposition at the beginning of the Syrian war but I think it was a decision made by the leadership of the disengaged citizens of Gaza in the climate of the Arab Spring at the time. The most direct reason for the change in attitude of Saudi Arabia, UAE and other GCC countries towards Palestine, or Israel, in recent years is the humiliating defeat of the GCC in Yemen to the "Iranian proxies", the Houthis. This defeat, even with direct support from the United States and China, has led the GCC to reassess Iran's threat level and seek regional allies. "The enemy of my enemy is my friend", and both Israel and the GCC want the other to act as the first line of defense against Iran in the Middle East, reducing the pressure on themselves, which explains why the establishment of diplomatic relations between the UAE and Israel in 2020, as well as the rumors of Saudi Arabia's rapprochement with Israel in 2023, have left the only hard-core Sunni ally of HAMAS is Qatar.
Egypt's military junta
Reconciliation with the Egyptian military junta my guess is that Egypt is facing internal demographic pressures, and the fact that Palestinians from Gaza can't get into the Sinai is Egypt's bottom line, which would explain why Egypt's first response when Israel started bombing Gaza was to install a concrete barrier at the crossings instead of a humanitarian line was to prevent an exodus of Gazans. That's why a military junta that used to suppresses the MBS would cooperate with HAMAS, which is of MBS origin, and even Iran, just to prevent Israel from storming into Gaza to drive all the Gaza Palestinians into the Sinai Peninsula.
Iran
I think many members overlook the importance of Iran or Iranian based forces to HAMAS or overestimate the importance of Qatari funding would have with HAMAS. HAMAS is rooted in its armed forces and the Israeli blockade.The armed forces need venues as well as good instructors to provide training. Qatari money can help HAMAS buy arms sold off by the IDF and become an unnamed, high-quality customer of Israeli scrap metal recycling companies, but none of these armaments can help HAMAS improve the training of its forces, and Iran, or Iranian-affiliated forces, can do exactly what HAMAS needs to train its forces. Back to 2015, after Russia's direct involvement in the Syrian war, Russians started to train pro-government forces, directly benefiting the Liwa al-Quds, a group of exiled Palestinians mentioned above, and Hezbollah's forces, which they call in turn directly trained HAMAS's forces, and led to an increase in the level of technical and tactical skills of HAMAS's most elite forces.