Once you mastered solid state and the technology and art of mass manufacturing.
it's easy to go into other field, such as cars, ships, chemicals, machinery, and many other fields.
China already have the art of mass manufacturing if you are not aware. lets talk about cars - Chery, Geely, BYD. All these produce very good cars. Ships - China had one of the biggest harbour and ship building industry. She even design and build her own destroyers and stuffs, Chemical - China doesn't lack being chemical industry either.
Machinery - What machinery are you talking about? CNC, Wirecutting machine, tool making, wat? if the above mentioned, then China has them all.
Your other field might include space technology... er... china had good space industry, produce her own satellites, even send someone into space.
Ballistic missile technology - need I say more? Maybe I should elaborate - missile sensory (China had it), long range intercontinental delivery system - China had it, anti-ballistic missile system (china had it.).
Aircraft - J-7, J-8, J-10, J-11, JH-7, etc... all made in China.
The only thing that might be lacking behind is what you call semi-conductor technology... which I think China is also focusing on too.
So in summary,
China already had the following industry (not losing out to South Korea for that matter),
1) Automobile (Chery, Geely, BYD, not to mentions the joint venture with other companies such as Volvo, Voltswagon, Honda, toyota, etc)
2) Battery system (BYD)
3) Radar and sensory (all her military R&D complexes, someone might answer to this more).
4) Aircraft (Shenyang, Chengdu, Hafei (helicopters), etc)
5) Mobilephone (damn... there are thousands of them in China to name a few - Haier, Changhong, TC(something, couldn't remember).
6) Other consumer electronic System such as MP3, MP4, movie player, DVD, HDVD, Bluray, LCD, TV (tube and plasma) etc (too many to list)
7) conventional moulding and injection industry - BYD, Tongda, GGEC, etc
8) conventional assembly plant for consumer electronic products (too many to list, but more prominent are BYD, GGEC, etc)
9) Shipbuilding industry - include oil rig, tankers, military class ships, etc (quite a few. I believe others know more then me)
10) Semiconductor industry (might not be very good now, but China had the money and she could easily buy down other foreign own companies).
11) Space technology - the third country in the world to be able to launch men into space using her own equipment and land.
12) chemical - really not lacking behind but I am not the expert in this field so I will let other fill this in for me.
13) financial sector - China is one of the biggest sector in the world and one of the richest.
14) Export - Came up second or first last year.
15) Military technology - still a bit behind the west, but not really that far back. To totally modernise, take times because of the sheer size of the armed forces.
16) Computer software (huge number of them, I don't play much with computer so I wouldn't know too deeply in this... but I think they did design and build - Computer games too.)
17) Education - Well, I believe this is not lacking behind korea too, in all areas.
18) Infrastructure building - I don't need to tell you more in this area since you do not believe in it.
19) Power generation - this is one area that I am mildly disappointed with China. But it is a big country and so it is not as simple as just building a few generators - however China did have the following - water powered electricity - Dam, nuclear power plants, coal power plants, oil and gas power plants, etc.
20) aircraft component such as engine and other avionic equipments - quite advance, even with limited helps from the west and other people.
I am getting plenty tire in writing and listing out all the other industry, you will just have to read the news.
And - yes, China has build the world's fastest train system. So in many way, China is leading South Korea in a number of industry, while Korea might be leading in semi-conductor technology.