If the war was fought between superpowers, then we can expect the casaulties to be high. However I believe that the Chinese by now should be focusing on minimizing casualties rate since they have the means to do so now. In the past, it is quite impossible to do it because of the lack of equipment and training, but now, they pretty much have everything.
Like I said before, what that general was saying was that the modern PLA soldiers may not have the fighting spirit any more because most of them have been spoiled. This is vastly different from how a war should be prepared. It's apple vs. orange. It's like a basketball game, you may have the best strategy and best talents. but if you are not willing to sacrifice your body and dive onto the floor for loose balls and risk losing a few teeth banging with opponents, it would be difficult to win games. It's that fight spirit he is talking about.
I think it is a myth that PLA in the past did not care about casualties. Back in the days of guerrilla warfare, the 8th and the new 4th armies were limited in numbers. And most of the time, they were surrounded by enemies superior in both number and weapons. They simply could not afford to "waste" lives. So the strategies of the PLA have always been to conserve resources, including manpower. The philosophies coming out this period have governed PLA strategies for decades. So I would believe that limiting casualties has always been in the minds of PLA generals.
Most of this "human wave" myth came out of the Korean War. Instead of "bravely attacking enemy positions in the open with no concerns for casualties", the PLA actually spent most of their time playing hide and seek with the Allied forces, attacking only at nights and using ambushes a lot. And if you look at most of the battles in the Korean War, PLA was purposefully seeking South Korean positions and focused on those positions, instead of blindly attacking the stronger American positions. The Americans did the same thing, attacking primarily NK positions. It tells me that they cared A LOT about losing lives and were doing all they could to limit it. The huge casualty they got was perhaps the best they could do given the situation while fighting an enemy technologically so much more superior than them. IF they truly cared little about casualties and attacked the Americans head-on and did not use those hide and seek maneuvers, the casualty might 10 times as much.
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Lets not compare what happen in WWII or WWI, the basic doctrine, equipment and standards of each armies are very much different now. I do not think we will be seeing mass troop movement, huge tank battles and stuff like that in near future. Future war will be pretty fast as was the doctrine of many armies (I believe that is the same case for China too.) the main casaulty will start rolling in only after the war (like the case for US and UN troops in Iraq and Afganistan.)
The 1st Gulf War had mass troop movements. You always see the footage of huge tank columns on CNN. Nearly half million troops were involved in the initial build-up. So the massive battles can happen. No matter when the casualty occurs, the bottom line is you have to put troops on the ground. And a fearless and tough troop will give you heavy advantage vs. someone who only hides behind protections. The IEDs and suicide bomb attacks that we hear so much about have been designed to inflict enough casualties and negatively affect the morale of the Allied forces. The American military is now under tremendously pressure from back home because of the high casualties. So if you are an American commander who is NOT willing to accept the high casualties, what would you do? Pull out? You see that the willingness to accept high casualties is playing a factor even now. I guess the decision made by the military has been that they are willing to accept the high casualties.
I also think it is a myth that Western militaries teach their soldiers to care more about their lives than their missions. No matter where you go, the willingness to die for one's country and to do whatever it takes to complete the mission have been drilled into every soldier's mind since the first day of their boot camp. And if you look at how they train their new recruits, you'll see that almost everything has been designed to "brainwash" the soldiers to walk in the harm's way without any hesitation. That means they want that "high casualty" mentality as well.
If the battles are fought between superpowers... I believe it will be over pretty fast too... everyone will be dead... note that all of these powers have nuclear, and although there are pledges not to use nuclear first... but who in the right mind will hold back in throwing out their arsenal when it is quite clear that they are about to be doomed.
I honestly don't think there will a war between two superpowers any time soon because what might be at the stake. We all know no one will benefit a fight between two giants. The giants know this too.