Do you have a source for this? I find it hard to believe such a power-intensive system would be taking an effeciency loss from DC conversion unless there were major benefits.
If I understand correctly, you are questioning the reason of DC grid because you believe that there is a efficiency loss for AC-DC conversion, am I right?
If my understanding is right, the short answer is DC grid can be more efficient than AC grid on a military ship.
First of all, all generators generate electricity in form of AC. However current high power semiconductor device integrated in the generator casing can convert to DC right out of the generator with very low loss. In AC grid there is induction loss because the power wire and the surrounding metal ship structure make up like induction loop in the same way as an AC motor. So AC current will be generated within the ship taking away part of energy, that is a loss. This happens in a land power grid too. This does not happen in a DC grid.
There are also many other advantages of DC grid, some of them can save energy but the list is too long to put here.
The impact of different grid (DC and AC) is not really the core issue of Ford or 003 because neither of them are IEPS. It would be a core issue in IEPS because >70% of electricity goes to the propeller. Ford and 003 only have EM catapult which isn't big enough to cause serious problem. But I can imagine DC grid being advantageous even in EM catapult application. It is my speculation because we don't have details of the Chinese EM cat, not even a clear picture.
The problem of Ford class' EMALS and AAG is a separate question about reliability. The article did not say anything. We know the existence of reliability problem has been there from day one. Without new input by the article, it could be just the same issues.