It's actually unfair in another direction - yak-38 ops were not just experimental, they were outright dangerous. Moreover, they were essentially a tertiary force, an afterthought - after ships' main armament (strongly suggest visiting Kiev theme park in Tianjin - main caliber magazine alone is worth the trip!) and helicopter wing.
Su-33(and J-15), for all its failings, is a fully developed, 100% combat-capable aircraft, sitting on a ship built around it as its primary system and reason d'etre.
The simple reason, in the end, was that the 1980s Soviet navy was...a thing, and actually thought in terms of having to fight a war.
Well, Admiral K had 12 P700 installed and a whole lot of SAMs. I don't think it really reflected any level of forward thinking in carrier ops.
Even if Yak-38 ops were dangerous (I don't know the answer to that), it's still a much smaller and less complex aircraft to move around and be able to take off. It just requires much better coordination to move around a flanker in tight spaces and getting them to fly.