It wouldn't serve the same role as a surface carrier.
For example, against a traditional CVBG, you could sent a few of these submarine carriers that would then launch its drones to search and destroy the CVBG. Or maybe just track it for AShBM targeting. Meanwhile, the sub-carrier itself would be safely out of detection range. Depending on the cost of those drones, the sub-carrier might not even need to stick around to retrieve them.
The point of a submarine is that 1) it is stealthy because it can't be detected by long range radar and 2) also invulnerable to surface attack weapons. So it can sneak up much closer to a target undetected. But 1) submarines cost a lot more to build and 2) are unable to communicate with other assets.
If you're sneaking around close to a target, that implies there are enemy airborne assets closeby. Retrieving airborne drones on the surface is a bad idea, even assuming that your drones make it back in the face of enemy fighters and SAMs. And given the low cost of drones/cruise missiles (such as the $3 million Valkyrie or $1 million Tomahawk) and an ADCAP torpedo even costs more. So there's no point in retrieving airborne drones with a submarine on the surface.