“In accordance with our country’s principle, it will not be the first to use nuclear weapons;
nuclear counterattack campaign will occur under circumstances in which the enemy has first launched a nuclear attack against us”. ..“first resist, then penetrate” (xiankang houtu), meaning the Second Artillery Corps must be able to survive a first strike and then utilize missile defense countermeasures to penetrate an adversary’s missile defense system.
While China's newer short-range and medium-range ballistic missiles use solid rocket motors, China's estimated 20 some ICBMs capable of hitting the US use liquid fuel and require launch preparation times of up to two hours. This coupled with the fact that China's missiles are deployed unfueled and without warheads indicate that China's ICBMs are limited to a second strike role and cannot launch on warning. ..Many of China's strategic missiles are based in silos or caves in order to survive a first strike. Following American and Soviet practice, China originally planned to house their DF-4 and DF-5 in silos, but began to rethink this method in the 1970s as the survivability of silo-housed missiles was called into question. The Chinese studied cave-basing and rail-mobile basing for the DF-4 and eventually decided on a procedure of "in-cave storage/preparation and out-cave erection/filling/firing."33 China also studied alternative basing modes for the DF-5, but decided to keep these missiles in silos due to their large size. However, to improve survivability fake silos were built to confuse opponents.
China's most recent land based missiles, such as the DF-21 and DF-31, are solid fuel road mobile missiles that can be launched much more rapidly and hidden in a variety of locales. ..However, to carry out a doctrine of limited deterrence, China would need to upgrade its entire nuclear force structure. Some Chinese strategists argue that limited deterrence would require China to have a "greater number of smaller, more accurate, survivable, and penetrable ICBMs; SLBMs as countervalue retaliatory forces [
I already expressed my reservations on this]; tactical and theater nuclear weapons to hit battlefield and theater military targets and to suppress escalation; ballistic missile defense to improve the survivability of the limited deterrent; space-based early warning and command and control systems; and anti-satellite weapons to hit enemy satellites."-[
Hence the recent ASAT!]