Russia spending $60b per year on road construction. Figures on Nuclear are classified but it will be similar numbers considering the export contracts they won. They have railway and railway troops. so hard to pin the budget but infrastructure budget can easily be $20b to $30b a year. so why you think they are not spending similar numbers on semiconductors when in 2030 road map its there strategic field? and Laser is the field they had cooperated longest with East Germany and than Germany. They had spend huge on physics over decades.
Russia simply doesn't have the sales to sustain a competitive semiconductor industry.
My guess is that the Russia accounts for about 2% of global semiconductor demand.
Yes, Russia could subsidise semiconductor fabs and semiconductor equipment, but who is going to buy the output?
A similar situation applies to lasers and also other technology areas.