Some sort of microwave-based over-the-horizon radar has been offered for export. Don't know if this has any bearing on domestic SMART-L-type radars, though.
View attachment 33800
It's an X band radar....
Some sort of microwave-based over-the-horizon radar has been offered for export. Don't know if this has any bearing on domestic SMART-L-type radars, though.
View attachment 33800
It's an X band radar....
It makes no sense an over the horizon radar that is so high in frequency?
For a radar to see over the horizon it has to bounce off the ionosphere but the ionosphere only bounces off low frequency radio waves VHF( 30 MHz to 300 MHz) and/or lower. X band( 8.0 – 12.0 GHz) is in the GHz range which will just penetrate the ionosphere and go straight into space.
The explanation within the photo doesn't make any sense either if it is X-band talking about a evaporation duct. Water vapor absorbs X-band so it wouldn't be able to see that far unless you are talking about surface horizon which is only about 16~30Km depending on the height the radar array is situated.
For a radar to see over the horizon it has to bounce off the ionosphere but the ionosphere only bounces off low frequency radio waves VHF( 30 MHz to 300 MHz) and/or lower.
You just don't even know what you're talking about. Maybe you should read the description itself instead of relying on your own genius intelligence. This OTH radar operates on the same principle as the Mineral ME radar and the Chinese equivalent, the Band Stand (Type 366) radar, by using surface propagation (i.e. the "evaporation duct"). The Mineral ME active radar (and probably the Band Stand radar) uses the X band (NATO I Band), just like this radar. What does or does not make sense to you personally is irrelevant to the design or operation of this radar.It makes no sense an over the horizon radar that is so high in frequency?
For a radar to see over the horizon it has to bounce off the ionosphere but the ionosphere only bounces off low frequency radio waves VHF( 30 MHz to 300 MHz) and/or lower. X band( 8.0 – 12.0 GHz) is in the GHz range which will just penetrate the ionosphere and go straight into space.
The explanation within the photo doesn't make any sense either if it is X-band talking about a evaporation duct. Water vapor absorbs X-band so it wouldn't be able to see that far unless you are talking about surface horizon which is only about 16~30Km depending on the height the radar array is situated.
You didn't even bother to google what is "Evaporation Ducts"? I just did a short study of it in the past few minutes.It makes no sense an over the horizon radar that is so high in frequency?
For a radar to see over the horizon it has to bounce off the ionosphere but the ionosphere only bounces off low frequency radio waves VHF( 30 MHz to 300 MHz) and/or lower. X band( 8.0 – 12.0 GHz) is in the GHz range which will just penetrate the ionosphere and go straight into space.
The explanation within the photo doesn't make any sense either if it is X-band talking about a evaporation duct. Water vapor absorbs X-band so it wouldn't be able to see that far unless you are talking about surface horizon which is only about 16~30Km depending on the height the radar array is situated.
Evaporation Ducts
There is usually a region extending for a few metres above the surface of the sea where the water vapour pressure is high due to evaporation. This also occurs over large bodies of inland water, for example the great lakes. The thickness of this evaporation duct varies with temperature, typically it extends to 5m above the surface in the North sea, 10-15m in the Mediterranean and often much more over warm seas as in the Caribbean and Gulf. These ducts have a significant effect on Shipping and have been extensively researched. It is the reason that VHF/UHF propagation over sea can extend to great distances causing all sorts of international frequency co-ordination problems. It is also why you might want to get your warships anti-aircraft radar antenna nice and high.
Ah! It's the ship that made me confused about possible 056 variants way back when.Second OPV of Nigeria Navy, NNS Unity is about to be commissioned
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