Chinese Economics Thread

hereforsemithread

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There are ~200mln investors with single name stocks in China and some 700mln people with exposure via mutual funds. That is majority of the people with consumption power.
I am asking you how many of these peoples' exposure is at a level where a market slump will meaningfully change their consumption behavior, not how many people own one or two stocks. Also feel free to correct me on this one but aren't the bulk of those mutual funds giant state social security programs? Most of that isn't in stocks and most of what stocks are present are stable soes paying dividends.
As we concluded, pumping housing is not an option. The only other way to offset that decline is to 1) drive income growth (which is happening); 2) ensure stock market doesn't collapse.
And my point is that those two things are at odds for the time being and so the government has to pick one. I don't think it should be that hard to predict which they'll pick.
3mln people have over 100 trln, or 1/3 of total investable assets.
Other than property most of that is in fixed assets which aren't going anywhere. Cash is mobile yes but you'll need to show evidence of domestic capital flight happening at a serious level for me to believe it. Simply insinuating that safe can't do the job and the rich are too clever isn't enough.

[This one's on me - I wasn't familiar with the term "investible assets", I assumed it just meant wealth. I'm surprised wealthy households have such collosal deposits, even considering the low market capitalization. But so long as it's in yuan they're not gonna be able to move most of that out.]
So where did the money coming from? Magic? Lol. Whether the money comes from MoF or PBoC is irrelevant, the fact of the matter is there is a massive stimulus package. What you (or I) decide to label it is irrelevant.
Probably a mix of forex reserves and newly created yuan. My point is that you're calling the disposal of bad assets via transfer and recapitalization a fiscal stimulus and I think that is extremely misleading because it puts it in the same category as the 2008 and 2015 stimulus waves and that just isn't appropriate.
Open Market Operation concerns liquidity, what I'm talking about is a solvency issue.
QE then, fine. Using newly created base money to buy assets from banks. Whether those assets are bad or not doesn't change the activity itself.
Lol, central government did not borrow, but are LGFVs not government debt? Come on man.
LGFV presence in the Chinese financial system was quite modest before 2008. There was no big boom in borrowing from them at the time.

This is all besides the point. If you're saying the government will have to dispose of bad debts and make sure any big bank failures don't occur in the process then you're correct. If you're saying that there will be a broad bailout effort for LGFVs or developers then I disagree but I'm pretty sure you're not saying that.

When you say fiscal stimulus I assume you're referring to a fairly aggressive and indiscriminate monetary easing, since that is what most people mean when they talk about stimulus in a Chinese context, and I do not believe that will happen.
 
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abenomics12345

Junior Member
Registered Member
I am asking you how many of these peoples' exposure is at a level where a market slump will meaningfully change their consumption behavior, not how many people own one or two stocks.

Total market cap of A-share is 78trln, a 10% increase is 7.8trln, if we assume 30% marginal propensity to consume, thats an extra 2 trln. Retail sales is 47 trln, if that happened then I would've lost (happily) my bet for 8% retail sales in 2023.

The minimum lot for Chinese shareholder is 100 shares - so its not as small as you might think it is.

Other than property most of that is in fixed assets which aren't going anywhere.

The specific reference is investable asset - meaning it excludes real estate.

you're calling the disposal of bad assets via transfer and recapitalization a fiscal stimulus

The big 4 AMCs were central SOEs financed by the State - so by definition the State had to put up capital - and if the State put up capital, it is by definition fiscal. Central Huijin's capital base is a State asset and not the PBOC.

fiscal stimulus I assume you're referring to a fairly aggressive and indiscriminate monetary easing

What? No. Fiscal stimulus comes from the government. Monetary stimulus comes from the PBoC. Monetization of debt = the PBoC directly buying debt from the government - this is the Chinese equivalent of Japanese YCC. Monetizing debt is the last resort - that is when you demonstrate to the RoW that you have zero discipline. RMB internationalization = over if that was ever the case.

If you're saying the government will have to dispose of bad debts and make sure any big bank failures don't occur in the process then you're correct. If you're saying that there will be a broad bailout effort for LGFVs or developers then I disagree

Except there is already so much liquidity in the system - this is not a lack of supply of liquidity issue and more of a lack of demand for credit.
 

hereforsemithread

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The specific reference is investable asset - meaning it excludes real estate.
Yeah that was my bad I edited it.
What? No. Fiscal stimulus comes from the government. Monetary stimulus comes from the PBoC
Then I am just very confused about what you think the government should do. Broad monetary easing, as in major cuts to the 5 year lpr, is the only thing I can think of that would probably revive the market for more than a few days, so I assumed that's what you meant when you talked about a big fiscal stimulus.
 
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abenomics12345

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Broad monetary easing is the only thing I can think of that would probably revive the market for more than a few days, so I assumed that's what you meant when you talked about a big fiscal stimulus.

No, monetary stimulus is not going to work. There is already so much liquidity in the system - there is over 100 trillion of cash in bank accounts (hence deposit rates and risk free bond yields are being pushed to historic lows): decreasing interest rate (or adding liquidity) isn't going to boost demand for credit (investments/purchases etc) - a classic liquidity trap:

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My main point isn't that the government needs to boost the stock market for the market's sake, but rather drive economic activity so everyone feels better about their prospects and starts investing/spending more instead of continuing to add to their cash pile (so called "precautionary saving").

The stock market is the end result this process.

The government injecting more cash into the pension plan to buy stocks works by improving people's expectations for retirement security (Recall the infamous 2019 CASS report that said the pension plan will run out in the 2030s). At the same time, more cash going into stock market will undoubtedly boost prices. As people are more 'at ease', they will spend more/invest more and that is how you turn the vicious cycle into a virtuous cycle.

Local governments are extremely cash strapped right now because of LGFV liabilities - so they can't invest in the necessary things to drive growth or 'security' (hospitals, schools, better retirement services, healthcare coverage etc) - these things are what people want to have more 'security' - and feel more at ease. The central government taking on these liabilities will allow local governments to get back to it - but obviously you need to set it up so that this problem doesn't happen again in 10 years time.

The longer this entire process takes, the bigger the bazooka will be.

Either way, whatever solution needs to come with "real gold & silver" as opposed to slogans - that is very clear.
 

hereforsemithread

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The government injecting more cash into the pension plan to buy stocks works by improving people's expectations for retirement security (Recall the infamous 2019 CASS report that said the pension plan will run out in the 2030s). At the same time, more cash going into stock market will undoubtedly boost prices. As people are more 'at ease', they will spend more/invest more and that is how you turn the vicious cycle into a virtuous cycle.
This is a fine idea in principle I just do not see how it could give more then a very temporary boost to prices in the current environment.
Local governments are extremely cash strapped right now because of LGFV liabilities - so they can't invest in the necessary things to drive growth or 'security' (hospitals, schools, better retirement services, healthcare coverage etc) - these things are what people want to have more 'security' - and feel more at ease. The central government taking on these liabilities will allow local governments to get back to it - but obviously you need to set it up so that this problem doesn't happen again in 10 years time.
I mean I agree with you, but this line of argument runs contrary to your earlier point about encouraging consumption by the wealthy. These social programs will need to be funded somehow, and odds are it will be done through a mix of RE taxes, transfer payments between provinces, and a general shift of growth and new investment towards the middle provinces rather than the coast. All of these things are counter to maximizing the income and confidence of the incumbent coastal elite.
The longer this entire process takes, the bigger the bazooka will be.
When Chinese officials use the term "bazooka", they mean cut rates and let developers and LGFVs sort out the rest, like in 2008 and to an extent 2015. You've made it clear you don't mean that, so can you clarify what a bazooka is in your mind?
 

FairAndUnbiased

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Top 1/3 = 50% of consumption in China (this is by income). Rural = only ~13% of total retail sales. So its a lot more '80/20' than one imagines.



Yea...about that - go talk to some real estate agents/financial advisors in Vancouver/Sydney/New York - capital controls aren't as tight as you give the government credit.
Only 1/7 of the population own stock though; 211 million accounts, 99.76% of which are retail investment accounts.

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中国证券登记结算公司的最新数据显示,截至2022年11月底,开立A股账户的投资者数量再创历史新高,达到2.11亿户,相当于每7人有1人是股民;其中散户规模为2.1亿户,同比增长7.85%,占投资者数量99.76%;机构投资者数量年内累计增加3.51万户,同比增长8.82%,达到50.45万户。总体来看,散户投资者仍然是A股的主流群体。
So even among the top 1/3, most don't own stock, and the stock market does not affect their consumption behavior.
 

abenomics12345

Junior Member
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These social programs will need to be funded somehow, and odds are it will be done through a mix of RE taxes, transfer payments between provinces, and a general shift of growth and new investment towards the middle provinces rather than the coast.

can you clarify what a bazooka is in your mind?

The central government has ample capacity to take on additional debt - funding the pension plan is a good example of such policy. Or increasing investments in healthcare. Better yet, buy discounted apartments off of developers for subsidized housing (turn it around and IPO it into the markets or put it into the pension plan for good income generation). Separate the good LGFV assets from the bad, and take out the bad ones from local governments so the local governments can ensure the remaining LGFVs are viable entities.

So many ways - but all roads lead back to the central government taking on additional debt. However, the point that I've made multiple times is that you need to ensure this doesn't happen again - otherwise there won't be policy room to move again, and I suspect this is why its taking so long (and why 3rd plenum is delayed). But they are racing against time for getting this right.

You don't need to immediately fund the cost through taxes *today*. The Ricardian Equivalence argument against fiscal policy has been refuted by empirical studies.

So long the actions you do leads to faster economic growth (especially faster than debt growth), taxation capacity of the government is higher in the future. Growing the cake and taking incrementally more for equalization/common prosperity is a lot easier for people to stomach, than to re-divide the cake while keeping it flat. This is specifically why a little inflation is helpful.

As I said, and more importantly, the CEWC stated, there is to be no contractionary policies (meaning taxes) in 2024. Ironically, CGBs (central government bonds) need to be a deeper market (more debt) for RMB to internationalize.

Keep in mind, no government in the entire world, has ever paid off a single cent of debt - it is refinanced and rolled over - the critical thing is that GDP grows in-line or faster than debt growth - deleveraging can come from paying off debt (no government has ever done this), or growing the earnings (GDP).


For more reference, this is the latest IMF Article IV Report:

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So even among the top 1/3, most don't own stock, and the stock market does not affect their consumption behavior.

See my post re: 700mln mutual fund owners.

Policy Recommendations:

Li Daokui -
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Zhang Bin -
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(Have a follow of the CF40 WeChat Channel - lots of stuff there)
 
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zgx09t

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To be crystal clear, I am not saying the CSI300 needs to produce 15% CAGR like the S&P500 - the latter is representative of
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& underinvestment in critical industries (Boeing, GE to name a few).

That being said, the stock markets should produce returns similar to GDP-returns (if income & return on capital grows at the same rate, then inequality does not get out of hand the way Piketty describes it) in a purely domestic sense, and should generate higher than GDP returns to the extent China continues to capture higher parts of the smile-curve (services, patents/IP, standard setting etc) as it outsources low-end manufacturing to ASEAN.

While you are absolutely correct that the stock market/capital market at large was not important in China's growth trajectory til today, it absolutely will be important going forward.

The problem today is that people have a lot of excess cash sitting in a deposit account or in a GIC earning 2% a year, and have nowhere to put it. This is not an efficient capital allocation strategy. The worst part of the current situation is that the bank then turns around and gives that to a LGFV which then invests in a 1% return road to nowhere. Some of these roads are effective, but lots of them are also built just for local officials to skim the grease.

Meanwhile, private companies are resorting to using loans from loan sharks or expensive leasing companies (There is a Taiwanese company called Chailease that makes 10-15% returns on leases they give out) to buy equipment and expand capacity. This should not be happening in an efficient capital market and is not good for the country!

You should think of the capital market as a matching algorithm that allows willing providers of capital and takers of capital to figure out the right price for capital (interest, or rate of return).
This is precisely why it is important to have a direct-financing mechanism as opposed to the current indirect-financing mechanism going forward. Reducing the role of the banking system also allows people to directly raise money and improves diversification of the financial system + reduces leverage for the system at large.
Put in simpler terms, financial repression has helped historically (Stiglitz effect), but it has been causing more harm (Mackinnon effect) than good in the past 7-10 years, and will cause even more harm than good in the future:
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To summarize, I will quote the great Liu He:
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To be crystal clear, I am not saying the CSI300 needs to produce 15% CAGR like the S&P500 - the latter is representative of
Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!
& underinvestment in critical industries (Boeing, GE to name a few).
That being said, the stock markets should produce returns similar to GDP-returns (if income & return on capital grows at the same rate, then inequality does not get out of hand the way Piketty describes it) in a purely domestic sense, and should generate higher than GDP returns to the extent China continues to capture higher parts of the smile-curve (services, patents/IP, standard setting etc) as it outsources low-end manufacturing to ASEAN.
While you are absolutely correct that the stock market/capital market at large was not important in China's growth trajectory til today, it absolutely will be important going forward.



Stock market and gdp are two entirely different things that don't necessarily need to track each other; the latter, despite the existence of a big element of rent seeking in price, do still somewhat closely capture actual goods and services made, while the former is a sleight of hand mathematical formula subject to beautiful magical thinking that barely reflects reality on the ground or simply a play for money robbery.
Case in point, Yum China stocks, your favorite, popped a bit. Their last quarter actual sales grew closer to 20% y/y, surprise yippeekayay, consumers are suffering, low confidence, bla bla bla all that stinking mound of bs notwithstanding. Add in a few more share buybacks and dangle a plan to expand, there goes the higher valuation all of a sudden just like that, like day and night, with nothing made or created on the ground, not yet, which may or may not materialize eventually. People were still eating back in q4 ffs, but stock valuation was down, reflecting nothing related to actual spending on the ground. Just a whim and attach a feel good/feel bad number to it.
Absolutely important going forward? We'll have to wait and see. At this point, all the economics and finance tenets should be taken with a truckload of salts.
Everything, question everything, because we see more and more each year the crises are getting bigger in size and unrecognizable in patterns and trajectories and getting stranger, at least by the edict of those exclusive sounding fancy theories and laws. If someone show me a very elaborately smart equation telling me how things work, I'd certainly look around if anybody else getting fucked. If everybody seems to be doing fine then, it's probably me who is the one getting screwed raw, big time.
Hundred years down the road, future generations would be dumbfounded to know how retarded we are, just like we do to horseshits of centuries before.




The problem today is that people have a lot of excess cash sitting in a deposit account or in a GIC earning 2% a year, and have nowhere to put it. This is not an efficient capital allocation strategy. The worst part of the current situation is that the bank then turns around and gives that to a LGFV which then invests in a 1% return road to nowhere. Some of these roads are effective, but lots of them are also built just for local officials to skim the grease.


Who is to say there's only money and profit motives, and those motives only are correct? efficient capital allocation strategy? sounds like so fancy and exclusive.
Hey at least China don't do wage suppression, financial suppression on the other hand is a different story.
Corruption. That's now a tired cliche, just throwing out the BBC-esque horseshits. Corruption is nowhere near the scale of Hu era. You do know there's a government website that shows nation wide Chinese civil and criminal court records where you can find corruption cases proceedings and outcomes, right?





Meanwhile, private companies are resorting to using loans from loan sharks or expensive leasing companies (There is a Taiwanese company called Chailease that makes 10-15% returns on leases they give out) to buy equipment and expand capacity. This should not be happening in an efficient capital market and is not good for the country!
You should think of the capital market as a matching algorithm that allows willing providers of capital and takers of capital to figure out the right price for capital (interest, or rate of return).
This is precisely why it is important to have a direct-financing mechanism as opposed to the current indirect-financing mechanism going forward. Reducing the role of the banking system also allows people to directly raise money and improves diversification of the financial system + reduces leverage for the system at large.
Put in simpler terms, financial repression has helped historically (Stiglitz effect), but it has been causing more harm (Mackinnon effect) than good in the past 7-10 years, and will cause even more harm than good in the future:


Lol, efficient capital market in 2024? my sides !!!! Just another beautiful dogma that fucked up the unwashed masses raw. Maybe an algorithmic gluttonous capital market in reality shall we say?
A little bit of shadow banking is good, but without reserve status, too much of it is just not gonna happen, just simple common sense. Not head in the clouds "efficient capital market" lol.
Look, one thing Chinese leaders, or at least those who are working for them, are good at is spotting the troubles early, and seeing and using the west as just a tool just like any other, notwithstanding their usual tropes about ideology, theories and values and all. So have you ever wondered they may have come up with their own set of tools from their own immense amounts of practice and hand-on experience, which are way better suited to China situation then some dead white men's fancy so faraway theory which are, mind you, very thin on evidence, at least in China's unique settings? Direct transplants are sure fire fastest ways to literal f..ups.

It's fun. You're a product of your surrounding, so, not much hope you'll see past those fancy theoretical framework, and you'll keep arguing on how good and true they are and how much bad shape China is in and not doing things right, etc, bet dollars to buttons.
It's China's practical finance and economics with Chinese characteristics with tons of supporting evidence that rest of the world would need to learn later on, if not already for some.
 

abenomics12345

Junior Member
Registered Member
To be crystal clear, I am not saying the CSI300 needs to produce 15% CAGR like the S&P500 - the latter is representative of
Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!
& underinvestment in critical industries (Boeing, GE to name a few).
That being said, the stock markets should produce returns similar to GDP-returns (if income & return on capital grows at the same rate, then inequality does not get out of hand the way Piketty describes it) in a purely domestic sense, and should generate higher than GDP returns to the extent China continues to capture higher parts of the smile-curve (services, patents/IP, standard setting etc) as it outsources low-end manufacturing to ASEAN.
While you are absolutely correct that the stock market/capital market at large was not important in China's growth trajectory til today, it absolutely will be important going forward.



Stock market and gdp are two entirely different things that don't necessarily need to track each other; the latter, despite the existence of a big element of rent seeking in price, do still somewhat closely capture actual goods and services made, while the former is a sleight of hand mathematical formula subject to beautiful magical thinking that barely reflects reality on the ground or simply a play for money robbery.
Case in point, Yum China stocks, your favorite, popped a bit. Their last quarter actual sales grew closer to 20% y/y, surprise yippeekayay, consumers are suffering, low confidence, bla bla bla all that stinking mound of bs notwithstanding. Add in a few more share buybacks and dangle a plan to expand, there goes the higher valuation all of a sudden just like that, like day and night, with nothing made or created on the ground, not yet, which may or may not materialize eventually. People were still eating back in q4 ffs, but stock valuation was down, reflecting nothing related to actual spending on the ground. Just a whim and attach a feel good/feel bad number to it.
Absolutely important going forward? We'll have to wait and see. At this point, all the economics and finance tenets should be taken with a truckload of salts.
Everything, question everything, because we see more and more each year the crises are getting bigger in size and unrecognizable in patterns and trajectories and getting stranger, at least by the edict of those exclusive sounding fancy theories and laws. If someone show me a very elaborately smart equation telling me how things work, I'd certainly look around if anybody else getting fucked. If everybody seems to be doing fine then, it's probably me who is the one getting screwed raw, big time.
Hundred years down the road, future generations would be dumbfounded to know how retarded we are, just like we do to horseshits of centuries before.




The problem today is that people have a lot of excess cash sitting in a deposit account or in a GIC earning 2% a year, and have nowhere to put it. This is not an efficient capital allocation strategy. The worst part of the current situation is that the bank then turns around and gives that to a LGFV which then invests in a 1% return road to nowhere. Some of these roads are effective, but lots of them are also built just for local officials to skim the grease.


Who is to say there's only money and profit motives, and those motives only are correct? efficient capital allocation strategy? sounds like so fancy and exclusive.
Hey at least China don't do wage suppression, financial suppression on the other hand is a different story.
Corruption. That's now a tired cliche, just throwing out the BBC-esque horseshits. Corruption is nowhere near the scale of Hu era. You do know there's a government website that shows nation wide Chinese civil and criminal court records where you can find corruption cases proceedings and outcomes, right?





Meanwhile, private companies are resorting to using loans from loan sharks or expensive leasing companies (There is a Taiwanese company called Chailease that makes 10-15% returns on leases they give out) to buy equipment and expand capacity. This should not be happening in an efficient capital market and is not good for the country!
You should think of the capital market as a matching algorithm that allows willing providers of capital and takers of capital to figure out the right price for capital (interest, or rate of return).
This is precisely why it is important to have a direct-financing mechanism as opposed to the current indirect-financing mechanism going forward. Reducing the role of the banking system also allows people to directly raise money and improves diversification of the financial system + reduces leverage for the system at large.
Put in simpler terms, financial repression has helped historically (Stiglitz effect), but it has been causing more harm (Mackinnon effect) than good in the past 7-10 years, and will cause even more harm than good in the future:


Lol, efficient capital market in 2024? my sides !!!! Just another beautiful dogma that fucked up the unwashed masses raw. Maybe an algorithmic gluttonous capital market in reality shall we say?
A little bit of shadow banking is good, but without reserve status, too much of it is just not gonna happen, just simple common sense. Not head in the clouds "efficient capital market" lol.
Look, one thing Chinese leaders, or at least those who are working for them, are good at is spotting the troubles early, and seeing and using the west as just a tool just like any other, notwithstanding their usual tropes about ideology, theories and values and all. So have you ever wondered they may have come up with their own set of tools from their own immense amounts of practice and hand-on experience, which are way better suited to China situation then some dead white men's fancy so faraway theory which are, mind you, very thin on evidence, at least in China's unique settings? Direct transplants are sure fire fastest ways to literal f..ups.

It's fun. You're a product of your surrounding, so, not much hope you'll see past those fancy theoretical framework, and you'll keep arguing on how good and true they are and how much bad shape China is in and not doing things right, etc, bet dollars to buttons.
It's China's practical finance and economics with Chinese characteristics with tons of supporting evidence that rest of the world would need to learn later on, if not already for some.

If you want to discuss in earnest I'm all ears, but if your head was squeezed so hard that you can't use quotes properly:

1707367203496.png
 
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