China's infrastructure was built much more recently than that in the US. So it should be more efficient not less. I guess you never visited the US. They keep using age old infrastructure even past its obsolescence. Heck, the subway in New York still hasn't completely switched to modern automated signaling. That is just one example. The US are early adopters of a lot of technology. And they don't replace things for as long as they can. This means you end up with a lot of malfunctioning (bleeding edge) or broken (legacy) infrastructure.GDP is bigger than in USA but maybe there is less efficiency, like more electricity is used in older semi technology rather than 2-4 nm which doesn't lead to productivity gains, etc.
China's heavier use of electrified public transportation and electric cars might increase electricity consumption. But this should lead to lower energy consumption overall compared with the much less efficient combustion engine transportation used in the US. For example the electric vehicles used in China can use regenerative braking. And the combustion engine vehicles used in the US don't do this.
Also, China doesn't have the suburbia you see in the US which is the major reason for US energetic inefficiency. The US is probably the most energy wasteful society in the world. They also like to put air conditioning or heating in all buildings, but they don't even bother properly insulating them.
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